Figures (5)  Tables (1)

    • Figure 1. 

      Structures of flavonoids.

    • Figure 2. 

      Structures of penylpropanoids.

    • Figure 3. 

      Structures of Terpenoids.

    • Figure 4. 

      Structures of volatile oils.

    • Figure 5. 

      Major chemical constituents and pharmacological activities in Callicarpa nudiflora.

    • No. Category Compound name Molecular formula Molecular weight Ref.
      1 Flavonoids Luteoloside C21H20O11 448.38 [22]
      2 Flavonoids Pigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside C21H20O11 432.38 [22]
      3 Flavonoids 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-O-β-D- glucopyranoside C21H20O12 464.38 [22]
      4 Flavonoids Luteolin-3′-methoxyl-6-hydroxy-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside C22H22O12 478.41 [22]
      5 Flavonoids Chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucoside C22H22O11 462.41 [22]
      6 Flavonoids Luteolin-3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside C21H20O11 448.38 [22]
      7 Flavonoids 5,7-dihydroxy -3'- methoxyflavone -4'-O-β-D- glucoside C23H24O10 460.44 [22]
      8 Flavonoids Lutedin-4′-O-β-D-glucoside C21H20O11 448.38 [22]
      9 Flavonoids Luteolin-3'-O-β-D-glucoside C21H20O11 448.38 [22]
      10 Flavonoids Querceqin-3'-O-β-D-glucoside C21H20O11 448.38 [22]
      11 Flavonoids 5,4′-dihydroxy-3,7,3′-trimethoxyflavone C18H16O7 344.32 [22]
      12 Flavonoids 5-hydroxy-3,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone C19H18O7 358.35 [22]
      13 Flavonoids Luteolin C15H10O6 286.24 [22]
      14 Flavonoids Apigenin C15H10O5 270.24 [22]
      15 Flavonoids 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′-methoxyflavone C16H12O6 300.27 [22]
      16 Flavonoids Ermanine C17H14O6 314.08 [22]
      17 Flavonoids Rhamnazin C17H14O7 330.29 [21]
      18 Flavonoids 5-hydroxy-3,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone C18H16O6 328.32 [22]
      19 Flavonoids Querceqin C15H10O7 302.24 [21]
      20 Flavonoids Isorhamnetin C16H12O7 316.27 [21]
      21 Flavonoids Ayanin C18H18O7 346.34 [22]
      22 Flavonoids Rutin C29H35O15 623.58 [22]
      23 Flavonoids Philonotisflavone C44H44O19 876.82 [21]
      24 Flavonoids Luteolin-7-O-(6''-trans-cinnamo-yl)-β-D-glucopyranoside C30H18O12 570.46 [23]
      25 Flavonoids Luteolin-7-O-neohesperidoside C27H30O14 578.52 [23]
      26 Flavonoids Luteolin-7-O-(6''-trans-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside C30H26O14 610.52 [23]
      27 Flavonoids Rhoifolin C30H27NO11 577.54 [23]
      28 Flavonoids Luteolin-7-O-(6''-p-coumaryl)-β-D-glucopyranoside C30H27O14 611.53 [23]
      29 Flavonoids Luteolin-4′-O-(6″-trans-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside C31H28O14 624.55 [23]
      30 Flavonoids Luteolin-3'-O-(6''-E-trans-caffeoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside C30H26O14 610.52 [23]
      31 Flavonoids Luteolin-7-O-(6″-trans-feruloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside C31H28O14 624.55 [23]
      32 Flavonoids Luteolin-7,4′-di-O-glucoside C27H30O16 610.52 [23]
      33 Penylpropanoids Forsythoside C34H44O19 756.71 [8]
      34 Penylpropanoids Alyssonoside C35H46O19 770.73 [8]
      35 Penylpropanoids Samioside C34H44O19 756.71 [13]
      36 Penylpropanoids 6-O-caffeyl-β-D-glucopyranose C15H18O8 326.30 [9]
      37 Penylpropanoids 6-O-caffeyl-α-D-glucopyranose C15H18O8 326.30 [9]
      38 Penylpropanoids Isoacteoside C29H36O15 624.59 [15]
      39 Penylpropanoids Isomartynoside C31H40O15 652.65 [7]
      40 Penylpropanoids Martynoside C31H40O15 652.64 [9]
      41 Penylpropanoids Acteoside C29H36O15 624.59 [11]
      42 Penylpropanoids Syringalide A 3'-α-L-rhamnopyranoside C29H36O15 624.59 [11]
      43 Penylpropanoids Deacylisomartynoside C21H32O12 476.47 [7]
      44 Penylpropanoids Frolic acid C10H10O4 194.19 [16]
      45 Penylpropanoids 4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid C9H8O3 164.16 [6]
      46 Penylpropanoids Caffeic acid C9H8O4 180.16 [17]
      47 Penylpropanoids Aesculetin C9H6O4 178.14 [4]
      48 Penylpropanoids Nudiflorin A C19H18O8 374.36 [18]
      49 Penylpropanoids Nudiflorin B C19H18O8 374.34 [18]
      50 Penylpropanoids Nudiflorin C C19H18O8 374.34 [18]
      51 Penylpropanoids Tortoside F C26H30O11 518.52 [9]
      52 Penylpropanoids Acanthoside B C28H36O13 580.58 [12]
      53 Terpenoids Ursolic acid C30H48O3 456.71 [25]
      54 Terpenoids 2α,3α- dihydroxy-12-en-28-oic acid C30H48O4 472.71 [25]
      55 Terpenoids 2α,3β- dihydroxy-12-en-28-oic acid C30H48O4 472.71 [25]
      56 Terpenoids 2α,3α,19α,23-tetrahydroxy-olean-12-en-28-O-β-D-glucoside C29H46O5 474.33 [25]
      57 Terpenoids 2α,3α,19α-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid C29H46O5 474.68 [25]
      58 Terpenoids 2α,3α,19α,23-tetrahydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid C29H46O6 490.68 [25]
      59 Terpenoids 2α,3α,19α,23-tetrahydroxy-urs-12,20(30)-dien-28-oic acid C30H46O6 502.69 [25]
      60 Terpenoids Oleanolic acid C30H48O3 456.71 [27]
      61 Terpenoids 2α,3β,24-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid C30H50O5 472.71 [25]
      62 Terpenoids Urs-12-en-3β-ol C29H48O 490.73 [25]
      63 Terpenoids Arjunglucoside I C29H50O3 446.71 [27]
      64 Terpenoids 2α,3α,19α-trihydroxy-urs -12- en -28-O-β-D- glucopyranoside C36H60O10 652.87 [25]
      65 Terpenoids 2α,3β,19α-trihydroxy-urs -12- en -28-O-β-D- glucopyranoside C36H60O10 652.87 [25]
      66 Terpenoids 2α,3α,19α-trihydroxy-ursane-12-en -28-O-β-D-glucoside C35H56O10 636.82 [27]
      67 Terpenoids 2α,3α,19α-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside C36H60O10 652.87 [25]
      68 Terpenoids 2α,3β,19α-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-O-β-D-glucoside C36H60O10 652.87 [27]
      69 Terpenoids 2α,3α,24- trihydroxy-ursane -12-en-28-oic acid C36H60O11 668.87 [27]
      70 Terpenoids 2α,3α,24-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid C36H58O11 666.85 [27]
      71 Terpenoids 2α,3α,19α,23-tetrahydroxy-ursane-12- en -28-O-β-D-glucoside C36H56O11 652.82 [27]
      72 Terpenoids 2α,3α,19α-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucoside C41H68O14 784.98 [25]
      73 Iridoids Ampicoside C23H28O13 512.46 [25]
      74 Iridoids 5''-methoxy-ampicoside C24H30O14 542.49 [25]
      75 Iridoids 6-O-vanilloyl-ajugoside C23H30O12 784.98 [25]
      76 Iridoids 6-O-syringoyl-ajugol C23H30O12 498.48 [25]
      77 Iridoids 3''-methoxy-agnucastoside C C24H32O13 528.51 [20]
      78 Iridoids Agnucastoside C C34H36O15 684.65 [20]
      79 Iridoids 6″-O-trans-caffeoylcatalpol C24H28O13 524.48 [20]
      80 Iridoids 6″-O-trans-feruloylcatalpol C25H30O13 538.50 [20]
      81 Iridoids linearoside C25H30O12 522.50 [20]
      82 Iridoids 6-O-trans-feruloylcatalpol C25H30O13 538.50 [20]
      83 Iridoids 6'-O-caffeoyl-ajugol C24H30O12 510.49 [25]
      84 Iridoids 6-O-caffeoyl ajugol C24H30O12 510.49 [25]
      85 Iridoids 6-O-vanilloyl-ajugol C24H32O13 528.51 [25]
      86 Iridoids Nudifloside C24H36O12 516.54 [20]
      87 Iridoids Catalpol C17H26O12 510.49 [20]
      88 Iridoids Ajugol C15H22O10 362.33 [20]
      89 Iridoids 8-acetyl-harpagide C15H24O9 348.39 [25]
      90 Iridoids Callicarpic acid C20H28O4 332.44 [22]
      91 Iridoids Methylcallicarpate C21H31O4 347.48 [22]
      92 Iridoids Et-3,4-seco-16-hydroxy-12,15-epoxy-4(18),8(17),12,14-labdatetaen-3-oic acid C20H28O4 332.44 [22]
      93 Iridoids Ent-3,4-seco-14-carbonyl-15,16-epoxy-4(18),8(17),13(14)-labdatrien-3-oic acid C20H28O4 332.44 [22]
      94 Iridoids Ent-3,4-seco-12R,15-epoxy-4(18),8(17),13-labdatrien-3-oic acid C20H28O4 332.44 [22]
      95 Iridoids 3,4-seco-12R,13S-dihydroxy-4(18),8(17),14(15)-labdatrien-3-oic acid C20H28O4 336.47 [22]
      96 Iridoids 7α-hydroxy sandaracopimaric acid C20H30O2 302.46 [22]
      97 Iridoids 16,17-dihydroxy-3-O-phyllocladane C20H32O3 320.47 [22]
      98 Volatile (1S)-β-pinene C10H16 136.24 [27]
      99 Volatile β-pinene C10H16 136.24 [25]
      100 Volatile α-pinene C10H16 136.24 [25]
      101 Volatile Myrtenol C10H16 136.24 [25]
      102 Volatile β-epoxypinane C10H16O 152.24 [27]
      103 Volatile Dihydrocurcumene C15H24 204.36 [25]
      104 Volatile O-cymene C10H14 133.22 [25]
      105 Volatile Benzylalcohol C7H8O 108.14 [27]
      106 Volatile α-cedrene C16H28 220.40 [27]
      107 Volatile Viridiflorol C15H26O 222.37 [26]
      108 Volatile Aromadendrene C14H21 189.322 [26]
      109 Volatile Cedrenol C14H24O 220.37 [25]
      110 Volatile (E)-β-farnesene C15H24 204.36 [27]
      111 Volatile 1-caryophyllene C15H24 204.36 [25]
      112 Volatile Caryophyllene oxide C15H21O· 205.32 [25]
      113 Volatile Epoxycaryophyllene C15H24O 220.36 [25]
      114 Volatile β-cedrene C15H24 204.36 [27]
      115 Volatile α-cedrenol C15H24O 220.37 [25]
      116 Volatile α-caryophyllene C15H24 204.36 [26]
      117 Volatile β-sesquiphellandrene C15H24 204.36 [27]
      118 Volatile Perillaldehyde C10H14O 150.22 [27]
      119 Volatile Cis-carveol C10H16O 152.24 [27]
      120 Volatile L-perillyl alcohol C10H16O 152.24 [27]
      121 Volatile Trans-2-Hexenal C6H10O 98.15 [27]
      122 Volatile 1-Chloroctadecane C18H37CI 288.94 [27]
      123 Volatile 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane C19H40 152.24 [27]
      124 Volatile Dodecane-3,7-diene C12H22 166.31 [26]
      125 Volatile Octacosane C28H58 394.78 [27]
      126 Volatile Tetradecane C14H30 198.39 [27]
      127 Volatile α-curcumene C15H24 204.36 [27]
      128 Volatile L-Ascorbyl dipalmitate C38H68O8 652.95 [27]
      129 Volatile β-selinene C15H24 204.36 [27]
      130 Volatile Dimethylbenzylcarbinyl acetate C12H16O2 192.26 [27]
      131 Volatile β-terpinyl acetate C12H20O2 196.30 [27]
      132 Volatile Trans-4- thujylalcohol C10H18O 154.25 [25]

      Table 1. 

      Chemical constituents from Callicarpa nudiflora.