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Figure 1.
Tropical marine plants of diatoms, dinoflagellates, red algae, brown algae, green algae, seagrasses and mangroves, as well as their uses for medical, food, and cosmetic applications. PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid.
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Class Species Metabolites Reference Tropical microalgae Chlorophyceae Haematococcus pluvialis Astaxanthin [18] Dunaliella salina β-carotene [19] Chlorella zofingiensis Astaxanthin [20] Scenedesmus almeriensis Lutein [21] Muriellopsis sp. Lutein [22] Chlorella sorokiniana Lutein [23] Parietochloris incisa Arachidonic acid [24] Chlorella pyrenoidosa Peptides [25] Tetraselmis suecica Peptides [26] Rhodophceae Porphyridium purpureum Arachidonic acid [27] Porphyridium cruentum Eicosapentaenoic acid [28] Porphyridium sp. Sulfated polysaccharides [29] Stramenopiles Nannochloropsis sp. Eicosapentaenoic acid [30] Nannochloropsis oculata Peptides [31] Nannochloropsis sp. Phenolics [32] Bacillariophyceae Phaeodactylum tricornutum Eicosapentaenoic acid [33] Phaeodactylum tricornutum Sulfated polysaccharides [34] Dinophyceae Crypthecodinium cohnii Docosahexaenoic acid [35] Labyrinthulomycota Schizochytrium spp. Docosahexaenoic acid [36] Ulkenia spp. Docosahexaenoic acid [37] Oscillatoriaceae Arthrospira platensis Phycocyanin [38] Tropical seaweeds Rhodophceae Porphyra sp. Desmosterol [39] Platysiphonia miniata Icosatetraenoic acid [40] Eucheuma cottonii Polyphenol [41] Chlorophyceae Udotea flabellum Sulfated polysaccharide [42] Codium fragile Sulfated polysaccharide [43] Ulva lactuca Protein [44] Phaeophyceae Ecklonia cava Phlorotannins [45] Laminaria ochroleuca Fucosterol [39] Padina antillarum Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids [46] Ecklonia cava 6,6'-bieckol [47] Ecklonia radiata Polysaccharide [48] Sargassum swartzii Fucoidan [49] Turbinaria turbinata Fucoidan [50] Dictyota dichotoma Fucoidan [51] Ascophyllum nodosum Phlorotannin [52] Spatoglossum macrodontum Polyunsaturated fatty acid [53] Fucus vesiculosus Laminarin [54] Laminaria digitata Laminarin and fucoidan [55] Undaria pinnatifida Fucoxanthin [56] Hijikia fusiforme Carotenoids and curcumins [57] Tropical mangroves Acanthaceae Acanthus ebracteatus Megastigmane [58] Acanthus ebracteatus Bioactive polysaccharides [59] Acanthus ilicifolius Phenylethanoids [60] Acanthus illicifolius 2-benzoxazolinone [61] Acanthus ilicifolius Lignan glucosides [62] Acanthus ilicifolius Phenylethanoid glycosides [63] Acanthus ilicifolius Benzoxazolinone glucoside [64] Acanthus mollis Hydroxamic acids [65] Euphorbiaceae Excoecaria agallocha Diterpenes [66] Excoecaria agallocha Diterpenoids [67] Excoecaria agallocha Daphnane and tigliane [68] Excoecaria agallocha Excoecarins [69] Excoecaria agallocha Phorbol ester [70] Excoecaria agallocha Excogallochaols [71] Excoecaria agallocha Pentacyclic triterpenoids [72] Lythraceae Penicillium sp. Meroterpenoid [73] Pemphis acidula Galloyl flavonol glycosides [74] Sterculiaceae Heritiera littoralis Heritonin [75] Lamiaceae Clerodendron spp. Neoclerodane diterpenoids [76] Scutellaria spp. Neoclerodane diterpenoids [77] Table 1.
Natural products from tropical marine plant metabolites.
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Tables
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