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Figure 1.
DAPI comparison of (a) diploid 'Prelude' (2n = 2x =14) and (b) tetraploid 'Prelude' (2n = 4x = 28). Bar = 10 µm.
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Source of variation Numerator
degrees of
freedomDenominator
degrees
of freedomF Value P > F Colchicine Cultivar 1 201 4.15 0.0430* Concentration 4 201 0.77 0.5443 Duration 2 6 0.71 0.4700 Cultivar × Concentration 4 201 0.47 0.5867 Cultivar × Duration 2 201 0.28 0.2800 Concentration × Duration 8 201 0.68 0.6800 Cultivar × Concentration × Duration 8 201 0.80 0.8000 Oryzalin Cultivar 1 202 7.58 0.0064* Concentration 4 202 0.71 0.5860 Duration 2 6 1.28 0.2807 Cultivar × Concentration 4 202 1.41 0.3146 Cultivar × Duration 2 202 0.46 0.6292 Concentration × Duration 8 202 0.39 0.9267 Cultivar × Concentration × Duration 8 202 0.49 0.8631 * Significant at α < 0.05. Table 1.
Type III tests of fixed effects of cultivar, concentration, and duration on the explant survival of red raspberry cultivars.
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Source of variation Numerator
degrees
of freedomDenominator
degrees
of freedomF Value P > F Colchicine Cultivar 1 67 0.32 0.3209 Concentration 4 67 0.41 0.4139 Duration 2 NA NA NA Cultivar × Concentration 4 67 0.41 0.4139 Cultivar × Duration 2 NA NA NA Concentration × Duration 8 NA NA NA Cultivar × Concentration × Duration 8 NA NA NA Oryzalin Cultivar 1 NA NA NA Concentration 4 NA NA NA Duration 2 NA NA NA Cultivar × Concentration 4 NA NA NA Cultivar × Duration 2 NA NA NA Concentration × Duration 8 NA NA NA Cultivar × Concentration × Duration 8 NA NA NA NA: SAS could not compute data analysis due to no polyploidy values being present at different treatment levels. Table 2.
Type III tests of fixed effects of cultivar, concentration and duration on polyploidy induction of red raspberry cultivars.
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Cultivar Survival rate (%) Colchicine treatment Oryzalin treatment 'Prelude' 12.95a* 6.15b 'Polana' 7.08b 14.17a * The same letter followed behind indicates no significance at α < 0.05. Table 3.
Effect of cultivar on the explant survival rate in the colchicine and oryzalin treatment.
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Source of variation Numerator
degrees of
freedomDenominator
degrees of
freedomF Value P > F Cultivar 1 32 0 1.0000 Concentration 3 32 1.89 0.1513 Duration 1 32 0.33 0.5677 Cultivar × Concentration 3 32 0.22 0.8802 Cultivar × Duration 1 32 1.33 0.2568 Concentration × Duration 3 32 1.00 0.4055 Cultivar × Concentration × Duration 3 32 0.67 0.5787 Table 4.
Type III tests of fixed effects of cultivar, concentration, and treatment duration on the plant survival in the root dipping treatment of raspberry cultivars.
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Colchicine (mM) Plant survival rate (%) 0 100a* 0.1 100a 1.0 97.92a 10 89.58a * The same letter followed behind indicates no significance at α < 0.05. Table 5.
The effect of colchicine concentration on plant survival rate in root dipping treatment of raspberry.
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Source of variation Numerator
degrees of
freedomDenominator
degrees of
freedomF value P > F Cultivar 1 32 4.00 0.0540** Concentration 3 32 4.00 0.0159* Duration 1 32 0 1.0000 Cultivar × Concentration 3 32 4.00 0.0159* Cultivar × Duration 1 32 0 1.0000 Concentration × Duration 3 32 0 1.0000 Cultivar × Concentration × Duration 3 32 0 1.0000 * Significant at α < 0.05. ** Significant at α < 0.1. Table 6.
Type III tests of fixed effects of cultivar, concentration, and treatment duration on the polyploidy induction in the root dipping treatment of raspberry cultivars.
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Colchicine (mM) Polyploidy induction rate (%) Cultivar ‘Prelude’ Cultivar ‘Polana’ 0 0b* 0b 0.1 0b 0b 1.0 0b 0b 10 16.67a 0b * The same lowercase letter indicates no significance at α < 0.05. Table 7.
The effect of cultivar × colchicine concentration on the polyploidy rate in root dipping treatment of raspberry cultivars.
Figures
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Tables
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