Field evaluation of perennial ryegrass cultivars for use with effluent water irrigation

Ruying Wang; Conner J. Olsen; Micah A. Gould; Alec R. Kowalewski; Ruying Wang; Conner J. Olsen; Micah A. Gould; Alec R. Kowalewski

doi:10.48130/GR-2023-0023

Figures (1) Tables (6)

Figure 1.
The effects of summer irrigation with fresh versus effluent water on (a) turf color and (b) turf density varied by rating dates in 2017. Turf color ratings were visually assessed on a 1‒9 scale with 1 being straw-brown turf, 6 being the minimum acceptable color (indicated by the dotted line), and 9 being dark green turf. Turf density ratings were visually assessed on a 1‒9 scale with 1 being the lowest density (open canopy), 6 being the minimum acceptable density (indicated by the dotted line), and 9 being the highest density. Error bars indicate standard deviations. ** Significant at the 0.01 probability level. *** Significant at the 0.001 probability level.

Month-year	Evapotranspiration (mm)	Precipitation (mm)	Mean temperature (°C)	Max temperature (°C)	Min temperature (°C)
Mar-16	56	188	9.1	12.7	5.3
Apr-16	104	76	12.3	19.4	8.1
May-16	150	20	14.7	19.6	11.6
Jun-16	203	13	17.2	26.3	11.4
Jul-16	226	10	18.9	24.3	15.4
Aug-16	244	3	20.6	29.4	15.1
Sep-16	135	15	16.1	21.3	10.9
Mar-17	46	180	8.6	12.8	2.7
Apr-17	79	89	9.6	12.8	6.8
May-17	145	41	14.3	23.2	8.7
Jun-17	183	38	17.2	28.1	11.1
Jul-17	254	0	19.9	24.7	17.3
Aug-17	224	5	21.3	29.6	17.2
Sep-17	130	51	17.9	24.2	11.1

Table 1.

Corvallis, OR, USA weather data obtained from Bureau of Reclamation Hydromet/AgriMet System.

Source of variation	df	Turf color (1‒9)^a		Turf density (1‒9)^b
Source of variation	df	2016	2017	2016	2017
		Pr > F
Replication	2	NS	*	NS	***
Irrigation water	1	NS	***	NS	***
Fresh		7.3	6.5	7.5	6.6
Effluent		7.4	6.1	7.5	6.3
Cultivar	10	***	***	*	*
Date	2	**	***	NS	***
Irrigation water × cultivar	10	NS	NS	NS	NS
Irrigation water × date	2	NS	***	NS	***
Cultivar × date	20	*	NS	NS	NS
Irrigation water × cultivar × date	20	NS	NS	NS	NS
^a Turf color ratings were visually assessed on a 1‒9 scale with 1 being straw-brown turf, 6 being the minimum acceptable color, and 9 being dark green turf. ^b Turf density ratings were visually assessed on a 1‒9 scale with 1 being the lowest density (open canopy), 6 being the minimum acceptable density, and 9 being the highest density. NS Not significant at the 0.05 probability level. * Significant at the 0.05 probability level. Significant at the 0.01 probability level. * Significant at the 0.001 probability level.

Table 2.

Analysis of variance and means table for visual turf color and density ratings affected by irrigation water, cultivar, and date in Corvallis, OR, USA in 2016 and 2017.

Cultivar	Turf color (1−9)^ab		Turf density (1−9)^ac
Cultivar	2016	2017	2016	2017
Premium	7.63A	6.67A	7.69A	6.83A
Pillar	7.31CD	6.67A	7.56ABC	6.58AB
Pepper	6.93E	5.81D	7.56ABC	6.31BCD
Brightstar SLT	7.19D	6.22BC	7.33D	6.33BCD
Estelle	7.39BC	6.42AB	7.50ABC	6.36BCD
Gray Fox	7.26CD	6.25BC	7.56ABC	6.53ABC
Allstar 3	7.46B	6.42AB	7.61AB	6.72AB
Mighty	7.38BC	6.28BC	7.47BC	6.11CD
SR4660ST	7.47B	6.50AB	7.57ABC	6.72AB
Zoom	7.44B	6.47AB	7.39CD	6.44ABCD
Manhattan 6	7.36BC	6.08CD	7.43BC	6.08D
^a Means followed by the same uppercase letter were not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. ^b Turf color ratings were visually assessed on a 1‒9 scale with 1 being straw-brown turf, 6 being the minimum acceptable color, and 9 being dark green turf. ^c Turf density ratings were visually assessed on a 1‒9 scale with 1 being the lowest density (open canopy), 6 being the minimum acceptable density, and 9 being the highest density.

Table 3.

Visual turf color and density for 11 perennial ryegrass cultivars evaluated in Corvallis, OR, USA in 2016 and 2017. Mean values represent data points averaged across replication, date, and irrigation water.

Source of variation	df	pH	EC (dS·m⁻¹)	B (ppm)	Na (ppm)	Cl (ppm)
		Pr > F
Replication	2	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Irrigation water	1	NS	*	*	*	*
Fresh		6.3	0.15	0.9	74	6
Effluent		6.2	0.24	4.3	326	30
Cultivar	10	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Irrigation water × cultivar	10	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
NS Not significant at the 0.05 probability level. * Significant at the 0.05 probability level.

Table 4.

Analysis of variance and means table for soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil boron (B), sodium (Na), and chloride (Cl) concentrations on 11 perennial ryegrass cultivars under fresh versus effluent water summer irrigation at the conclusion of a two-year study in Corvallis, OR, USA.

Source of variation	df	B (ppm)	Na (ppm)	Cl (ppm)
		Pr > F
Replication	2	NS	NS	NS
Irrigation water	1	0.0568^a	**	*
Fresh		15	874	5782
Effluent		21	7592	9506
Cultivar	10	*	NS	NS
Irrigation water × cultivar	10	NS	NS	NS
^a Significant at the 0.1 probability level with a probability of 0.0568. NS Not significant at the 0.05 probability level. * Significant at the 0.05 probability level.

Table 5.

Analysis of variance and means table for leaf tissue boron (B), sodium (Na), and chloride (Cl) concentrations on 11 perennial ryegrass cultivars under fresh versus effluent water summer irrigation at the conclusion of a two-year study in Corvallis, OR, USA.

Cultivar	B (ppm)^a
Premium	22ABC
Pillar	15BCD
Pepper	18BCD
Brightstar SLT	18BCD
Estelle	8D
Gray Fox	21ABC
Allstar 3	29A
Mighty	14BCD
SR4660ST	18BCD
Zoom	13CD
Manhattan 6	23AB
^a Means followed by the same uppercase letter were not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level.

Table 6.

Leaf tissue boron (B) concentrations for 11 perennial ryegrass cultivars at the conclusion of a two-year study in Corvallis, OR, USA. Mean values represent data points averaged across replication and irrigation water.