Figures (2)  Tables (1)

    • Figure 1. 

      Working mechanism of multiple factors regulating the juvenile phase in plants (according to the references). Solid arrows indicate positive interactions, dotted arrows indicate uncertain interactions, and flat lines indicate negative interactions[54,55,68−72,76,79,83,84,86,90,91,93−95,98,99].

    • Figure 2. 

      Molecular mechanisms that regulate the juvenile-to-adult phase transition in plants (according to the references). Arrows indicate positive interactions, and flat lines indicate negative interactions[5,29,54,98,105,106,110,116,117,119].

    • SpeciesJuvenile phase (years)Reference
      Lilium spp.2−3[21]
      Piper nigrum3−4[22]
      Malus domestica4−8[23]
      Camellia nitidissima8[24]
      Citrus spp.5[25]
      Eucalyptus globulus2−5[26]
      Jatropha curcas5[27]
      Liriodendron chinense8−10[28]
      Populus spp.7−10[29]
      Pinus tabuliformis5−7[30]
      Ginkgo biloba15−20[31]
      Ziziphus jujuba1−2[32]

      Table 1. 

      Statistics of time of the juvenile phase in some species (according to the literature).