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Figure 1. 

Carnation variety difference chart of ethylene treatment and natural state of vase days. (a) 'Prince'; (b) 'Pink Diamond'; (c) 'Beit'; (d) 'Mallow Titanium Alloy'; (e) 'Hong Fu'; (f) 'Seashell'; (g) 'Flame'; (h) 'Snow White'; (i) 'Little Pink'; (i) 'Master'; (k) 'Cloud Shium'; (l) 'Freedom'; (m) 'Deli'; (n) 'Carnival'. For each variety, the first row of flowers are natural and the second row of flowers are ethylene treatment. Scale bar = 5 cm.

Figure 2. 

The vase life difference in days between ethylene treatment and natural state. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among different varieties (p < 0.05).

Figure 3. 

Changes of water content in different varieties of carnation during senescence. (a) 'Master'; (b) 'Cloud Shium'; (c) 'Little Pink'; (d) 'Seashell'; (e) 'Freedom'; (f) 'Snow White'.

Figure 4. 

Endogenous ethylene release from carnation at different time of ethylene treatment. (a) 'Master'; (b) 'Cloud Shium'; (c) 'Little Pink'; (d) 'Seashell'; (e) 'Freedom'; (f) 'Snow White'.

Figure 5. 

The relative expression of DcACS1 (a) and DcACO1 (b) in carnation at different times of ethylene treatment.

Figure 6. 

Silencing and overexpression of DcACS1 in 'Master'. (a) and (e) Change in phenotype on different days. (b) and (f) Relative expression of DcACS1. (c) and (g) Change of conductivity. (d) and (h) Relative expression of DcSAG12. * α = 0.05; ** α = 0.01; ***α = 0.001.

Figure 7. 

Silencing and overexpression of DcACO1 in 'Master'. (a) and (e) Change in phenotype on different days. (b) and (f) Relative expression of DcACO1. (c) and (g) Change of conductivity. (d) and (h) Relative expression of DcSAG12. * α = 0.05; ** α = 0.01; ***α = 0.001.