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Figure 1. 

Demonstration of root split-root experiments.

Figure 2. 

(a) Leaf phenotypes in split-root system under Fe²⁺ treatment of C. blinii. Bar = 1 cm. Fe content in (b) leaves, (c) stems and (d) roots in split-root system under Fe²⁺ treatment. The concentration of Fe²⁺ treatment was 200 μM. All experiments were performed using at least three biological replicates and error bars indicate standard deviations (± SD). Different letters indicate significant differences at the p < 0.05 level when comparing different experimental groups.

Figure 3. 

Analysis of oleanolic acid in various tissues of C. blinii. Oleanolic acid in (a) leaves, (b) stems and (c) roots under Fe²⁺ treatment with split-root system. All experiments were performed using at least three biological replicates and error bars indicate standard deviations (± SD). Different letters indicate significant differences at the p < 0.05 level when comparing different experimental groups.

Figure 4. 

Relative expression of key MVA pathway genes in various tissues. The genes relative expression in (a) leaves, (b) stems and (c) roots under Fe²⁺ treatment with split-root system. All experiments were performed using at least three biological replicates and error bars indicate standard deviations (± SD). Different letters indicate significant differences at the p < 0.05 level when comparing different experimental groups. The 2^−ΔΔCᴛ method was used to determine the relative expression and the genes relative expression of (0/0) group were set to '1'.

Figure 5. 

Analysis of blinin in leaves of C. blinii. All experiments were performed using at least three biological replicates and error bars indicate standard deviations (± SD). Different letters indicate significant differences at the p < 0.05 level when comparing different experimental groups.

Figure 6. 

Relative expression of key MEP pathway genes in various tissues. The gene relative expression in (a) leaves, (b) stems and (c) roots under Fe²⁺ treatment with split-root system. All experiments were performed using at least three biological replicates and error bars indicated standard deviations (± SD). Different letters indicate significant differences at the p < 0.05 level when comparing different experimental groups. The 2^−ΔΔCᴛ method was used to determine the relative expression and the genes relative expression of (0/0) group were set to '1'.

Figure 7. 

Relative expression of CbPDR in various tissues. The relative expression of CbPDR in (a) leaves, (b) stems and (c) roots under Fe²⁺ treatment with split-root system. All experiments were performed using at least three biological replicates and error bars indicated standard deviations (± SD). Different letters indicate significant differences at the p < 0.05 level when comparing different experimental groups. The 2^−ΔΔCᴛ method was used to determine the relative expression and the genes relative expression of (0/0) group were set to '1'.

Figure 8. 

A model for the transportation of triterpenoid saponins by PRD under Fe²⁺. Under Fe²⁺, the activity of the MEP metabolism pathway was enhanced within C. blinii. The solid line represents signal transduction.