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Figure 1.
The composition, biosynthetic pathways, and key enzymes for the three major classes of dietary fiber in wheat. GT47, GT43, GT61, and GT2 are glycosyltransferases. CslF, CslH, and CslJ are Cellulose-synthase-like (Csl) genes. GBSSI, granule-bound starch synthase I. SSI to SSIV, starch synthase I to IV. SBE, starch-branching enzyme. ISA, isoamylase-type debranching enzyme. LD, limit dextrinase. The blue ellipses represent UDP-D-xylose, and the green diamonds represent UDP- arabinopyranose.
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Figure 2.
Strategies for improving dietary fiber content in wheat grain.
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Trait QTL Chr Nearest marker Position (cM) Candidate genes Reference Arabinoxylan content WE-AX QAxvs.inra-1B 1B Xcfa2147 82.7 − [18] QAxfg1.inra-6B 6B wPt-2218 22.2 PC1 TOT-AX QGax.aww-2A.1 2A wpt-3114-2A 85.7 − [19] QGax.aww-4D.1 4D gpw-95001-4D 46.0 WE-AX QgWE-AX.caas-1B 1B HVM23–Sec1 − − [20] QgWE-AX.caas-5A 5A Xgwm443–Xcwem44 QgWE-AX.caas-5B 5B Xbarc142–Xwmc28 QgWE-AX.caas-7A 7A Xbarc174–Xbarc108 Grain dietary fiber content − − − − glucosyl-transferase (GT)
peroxidase glucosidase methyltransferase[21] Arabinoxylan content QGax.mgb-1A.1 1A wsnp_Ex_c45880_51550172 70.1 Gal7 [22] QGax.mgb-2B.1 2B Tdurum_contig45838_263 107.39 TaUGT1 QGax.mgb-3A.1 3A Kukri_c17966_634 122.68 CelC QGax.mgb-5A.1 5A Ex_c95453_1499 26.51 Ugt12887 QGax.mgb-5A.3 5A tplb0056b09_1000 63.69 TaUGT1 QGax.mgb-7A.1 7A Tdurum_contig69003_459 42.08 Gsl12 QGax.mgb-7A.2 7A wsnp_Ex_c21854_31021668 130.27 Cel8 Arabinoxylan content AX-95086356 1B − − F-box/FBD/LRR-repeat protein; [24] AX-94470319 4B Disease resistance protein RPM1/PIK6-NP-like; AX-94713015 5D bZIP transcription factor 29 Arabinoxylan content Y34Ukr-RH13-TOTAX; 1B − − − [25] Y34Cla-JI15-TOTAX Arabinoxylan content − 1B 1B_646895451 − − [26] 1B_653086336 1B_653681771 1B_654915479 5B 5B_14665450 2B 2B_184634480 6B 6B_26597224 7A 7A_234827309 7A_264333614 7A_458678969 7A_474572231 7A_516508921 7A_700824770 7B 7B_454100716 β-Glucan content QGbg.mgb-1A.1 1A Kukri_rep_c110838_253 10.6 − [35] QGbg.mgb-1A.2 1A Kukri_c43410_348 81.6 Cel9 QGbg.mgb-2A.1 2A Tdurum_contig10785_816 11.2 WSs2A QGbg.mgb-2A.2 2A Excalibur_c44834_80 197 Bamy1 QGbg.mgb-2B 2B BobWhite_c25359_132 14.5 Wxl1 QGbg.mgb-3B 3B BS00091867_51 97.2 Xip-II QGbg.mgb-5B 5B Tdurum_contig35470_227I 166 − QGbg.mgb-7A.1 7A tplb0024a09_829 49.7 − QGbg.mgb-7A.2 7A Tdurum_contig19352_76 90.9 1-FEH QGbg.mgb-2A.1 2A IWB1280 35.8–48.0 − [36] QGbg.mgb-2B.1 2B IWB30115 0.1–3.9 − QGbg.mgb-2B.2 2B IWB23783 29.9–47.9 GLU1a QBgn 3A Xwmc202–Xgwm2 [38] 1B Xwmc419–Xwmc134 5B Xwmc149–Xgwm335 6D Xhbe404–Xcfd188 QTL 1 4M 100022501_F_0 − glutathione S-transferase 3-like [39] QTL 2 5M 100013840_F_1 − QTL 3 1M 100079925_F_0 − Resistant starch content A-type starch granules Qga.caas-4AL 4A Xwmc262 – Xj133 − − [61] Qga.caas-1DL 1D Xcfd48.1 – Xcfd48.2 Qga.caas-7BL 7B Xwmc311 – Xbarc50 B-type starch granules − 4S TR132- TR126 − − [62] B-type starch granules − 4A − − BGC1-A [63] 4B
4DBGC1-B
BGC1-D4B
4DBGC1-B
BGC1-DAmylose content qhams7A.1 7A C7A.8493170 – C7A.39576499 40.0 GBSSI [65] Resistant starch content − 2D Xbarc59 − − [67] 5B Amylose and resistant starch content − 2ABD − − SBEIIa [50,70,71] 2ABD SBEIIb Amylose content − 7ABD − − SSIIIa [72−74] 1ABD SSIIIa Table 1.
QTLs/genes and molecular markers for wheat dietary fiber content.
Figures
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Tables
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