A preliminary study on the occurrence and significance of phytophagous arthropods and natural enemies on <i>Sapindus saponaria</i> saplings

Germano Leão Demolin-Leite; Germano Leão Demolin-Leite

doi:10.48130/tia-0024-0001

Figures (0) Tables (3)

Loss source
LS	n	Da.	ks	c	ds	n. II.	Σ n. II.	% II.
Liriomyza sp. (mines)	478	0.8600	0.0018	27	1.00	0.0486	0.091	53.49
Bemisia sp.	2333	0.8800	0.0004	32	1.00	0.0121	0.091	13.29
Phaneropterinae	51	0.0206	0.0004	27	0.93	0.0102	0.091	11.21
Tetranychus sp.	709	0.9600	0.0014	6	1.00	0.0081	0.091	8.95
T. collaris	17	0.0069	0.0004	14	0.74	0.0042	0.091	4.61
S. anchoralis	5	0.0020	0.0004	3	1.00	0.0012	0.091	1.33
Charidotis sp.	4	0.0016	0.0004	2	1.00	0.0008	0.091	0.89
Alagoasa sp.	5	0.0020	0.0004	5	0.36	0.0007	0.091	0.80
Cerotoma sp.	4	0.0016	0.0004	4	0.40	0.0006	0.091	0.71
Curculionidae	3	0.0012	0.0004	3	0.44	0.0005	0.091	0.59
Lordops sp.	3	0.0012	0.0004	3	0.44	0.0005	0.091	0.59
Walterianela sp.	2	0.0008	0.0004	1	1.00	0.0004	0.091	0.44
Lepidoptera	2	0.0008	0.0004	2	0.49	0.0004	0.091	0.43
D. speciosa	2	0.0008	0.0004	2	0.49	0.0004	0.091	0.43
Lamprosoma sp.	2	0.0008	0.0004	2	0.49	0.0004	0.091	0.43
Eumolpus sp.	2	0.0008	0.0004	2	0.49	0.0004	0.091	0.43
Epitragus sp.	2	0.0008	0.0004	2	0.49	0.0004	0.091	0.43
Parasyphraea sp.	1	0.0004	0.0004	1	0.53	0.0002	0.091	0.23
Wanderbiltiana sp.	1	0.0004	0.0004	1	0.53	0.0002	0.091	0.23
Gryllidae	1	0.0004	0.0004	1	0.53	0.0002	0.091	0.23
Cephalocoema sp.	1	0.0004	0.0004	1	0.53	0.0002	0.091	0.23
A. reticulatum	11	0.0000	0.0000	2	1.00	0.0000	0.091	0.00
Anastrepha sp.	4	0.0000	0.0000	4	0.40	0.0000	0.091	0.00
B. hebe	10	0.0000	0.0000	7	0.99	0.0000	0.091	0.00
Euxesta sp.	3	0.0000	0.0000	3	0.44	0.0000	0.091	0.00
Fulgoridae	19	0.0000	0.0000	5	1.00	0.0000	0.091	0.00
Nasutitermes sp.	280	0.0000	0.0000	5	1.00	0.0000	0.091	0.00
P. torridus	1	0.0000	0.0000	1	0.53	0.0000	0.091	0.00
Pentatomidae	6	0.0000	0.0000	6	0.32	0.0000	0.091	0.00
Phenacoccus sp.	30	0.0000	0.0000	2	1.00	0.0000	0.091	0.00
Q. gigas	2	0.0000	0.0000	2	0.49	0.0000	0.091	0.00
T. spinipes	5	0.0000	0.0000	1	1.00	0.0000	0.091	0.00
I.I.-P.U. = ks × c × ds. ks = Da./total n of the L.S.. Da. = R² × (1 − P) when it is of the first degree, or (R² × (1 − P)) × (β₂/β₁) when it is of the second degree, where R² = determination coefficient and P = significance of ANOVA, β₁ = regression coefficient, and β₂ = regression coefficient (variable²), of the simple regression equation, or non-percentage of damage per L.S. c = Σ of occurrence of L.S. on each sample, 0 = absence or 1 = presence. ds = 1 − P of chi-square test of the L.S. Da. = 0 when Da. non-significant for damage or non-detected by L.S.

Table 1.

Total number (n), damage (Da.), key-source (ks), constancy (c), distribution source (ds), number of importance indice (n. II), sum of n. I.I.-P.U. (Σ n. II), and percentage of II by loss source (LS) on 48 Sapindus saponaria (Sapindaceae) saplings.

Solution source
SS	n	RLS.	ks	c	ds	n. II.	Σ n. II.	% II.
C. sanguinea	3	0.1231	0.0410	2	0.99	0.08	0.08	98.94
P. termitarius	121	0.0053	0.0000	20	1.00	0.00	0.08	1.06
A. rogersi	4	0.0000	0.0000	4	0.40	0.00	0.08	0.00
A. uncifera	3	0.0000	0.0000	3	0.44	0.00	0.08	0.00
Araneidae	31	0.0000	0.0000	18	1.00	0.00	0.08	0.00
Brachymyrmex sp.	184	0.0000	0.0000	21	1.00	0.00	0.08	0.00
Camponotus sp.	130	0.0000	0.0000	26	1.00	0.00	0.08	0.00
Chrysoperla sp.	3	0.0000	0.0000	2	0.99	0.00	0.08	0.00
Dolichopodidae	9	0.0000	0.0000	6	1.00	0.00	0.08	0.00
Ectatoma sp.	20	0.0000	0.0000	12	1.00	0.00	0.08	0.00
Leucauge sp.	13	0.0000	0.0000	4	1.00	0.00	0.08	0.00
M. religiosa	11	0.0000	0.0000	9	0.75	0.00	0.08	0.00
O. salticus	1	0.0000	0.0000	1	0.53	0.00	0.08	0.00
Oxyopidae	14	0.0000	0.0000	12	0.50	0.00	0.08	0.00
Pheidole sp.	272	0.0000	0.0000	23	1.00	0.00	0.08	0.00
Polybia sp.	6	0.0000	0.0000	4	1.00	0.00	0.08	0.00
Quemedice sp.	3	0.0000	0.0000	3	0.44	0.00	0.08	0.00
Salticidae	13	0.0000	0.0000	9	1.00	0.00	0.08	0.00
Syrphus sp.	2	0.0000	0.0000	2	0.49	0.00	0.08	0.00
T. angustula	2	0.0000	0.0000	1	1.00	0.00	0.08	0.00
Teudis sp.	3	0.0000	0.0000	3	0.44	0.00	0.08	0.00
Tmarus sp.	2	0.0000	0.0000	2	0.49	0.00	0.08	0.00
Uspachus sp.	4	0.0000	0.0000	4	0.40	0.00	0.08	0.00
I.I.-P.U. = ks × c × ds. ks = R.L.S./total n. of the SS.. R.L.S. = R² × (1 − P) when it is of the first degree, or (R² × (1 − P)) × (β₂/β₁) when it is of the second degree, where R² = determination coefficient and P = significance of ANOVA, β₁ = regression coefficient, and β₂ = regression coefficient (variable²), of the simple regression equation. c = Σ of occurrence of S.S. on each sample, 0 = absence or 1 = presence. ds = 1 − P of chi-square test of the SS. When a SS operates in more than one LS, that caused damage, its ks are summed. ES. = 0 when Da. by LS or ES non-significant for damage by LS or reduced LS by SS.

Table 2.

Total number (n), reduction of LS (RLS), key-source (ks), constancy (c), distribution source (ds), number of importance indice (n. II), sum of n. I.I.-P.U. (Σ n. II), and percentage of II by solution source (SS) on 48 Sapindus saponaria (Sapindaceae) saplings.

	LS.
% RLSSS - abundance
SS.	Liriomyza sp. (mines)	Bemisia sp.
C. sanguinea	/	0.02
Brachymyrmex sp.	/	−1.18
P. termitarius	0.13	/
Σ	0.13	−1.16
*T.Σ	−1.03	/
% RLSSS - damage
SS.	Bemisia sp.
Brachymyrmex sp.	−61.95
P. termitarius	2.92
Σ	−59.03
/ = L.S. was not reduced per S.S. % R.L.S.S.S. = (R.L.S.S.S./total n of the L.S. – abundance or damage) × 100, where R.L.S.S.S. = R.L.S. × total n of the S.S. R.L.S. = R² × (1 − P) when it is of the first degree, or (R² × (1 − P)) × (β₂/β₁) when it is of the second degree, where R² = determination coefficient and P = significance of ANOVA, β₁ = regression coefficient, and β₂ = regression coefficient (variable²), of the simple regression equation.

Table 3.

Percentage of reduction in abundance and/or damage (%R.) of loss source (LS) per solution source (SS), sum (Σ), and total of Σ of RLS (T.Σ) on 48 Sapindus saponaria (Sapindaceae) saplings.