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Figure 1.
Effects of (a) heptane, (b) chloroform, (c) methanol, (d) ethyl acetate and (e) water fractions of E. ganitrus leaves on the human cancer cell lines HeLa using MTT assay.
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Figure 2.
IC50 values of different extracts of E. ganitrus leaves against human cancer cell lines HeLa.
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Figure 3.
IC50 values of EG-13 phytochemical of E. ganitrus leaves against human cancer cell lines HeLa.
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Figure 4.
Bioavailability radar (pink area exhibits optimal range of particular property) for leading phytocompounds molecules. LIPO = lipophilicity as XLOGP3, SIZE = size as molecular weight, POLAR = polarity as TPSA (topological polar surface area), INSOLU = insolubility in water by log S scale, INSATU = insaturation as per fraction of carbons in the sp3 hybridization, and FLEX = flexibility as per rotatable bonds.
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Tested compounds Chloroform extract Methanol extract Steroids + + Terpenoids + + Saponins + + Glycosides + + Tannins + + Flavonoids + + Phenols + + + → Present; − → Absent. Table 1.
Qualitative analysis of phytochemicals in E. ganitrus leaf extracts.
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Peak no. R. Time Area Area % Name 1 7.328 3392451 3.60 Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- 2 7.494 432542 0.46 Cyclododecane 3 7.925 5018874 5.32 Bicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene,4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylene- 4 8.392 264573 0.28 1,4,8-Cycloundecatriene, 2,6,6,9-tetramethyl-,(e,e,e)- 5 9.137 1568546 1.66 Phenol, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- 6 10.016 2727130 2.89 1-Heptadecene 7 12.221 2959933 3.14 1-Octadecene 8 12.670 178963 0.19 Neophytadiene 9 12.782 147893 0.16 2-Pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl- 10 13.496 127511 0.14 7,9-Di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione 11 13.594 2105374 2.23 Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester 12 13.801 186096 0.20 Isophytol 13 14.003 2582987 2.74 Dibutyl phthalate 14 14.233 126402 0.14 1-Nonadecene 15 15.143 262912 0.28 1-Octadecanol 16 15.196 409325 0.43 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (z,z)-, methyl ester 17 15.256 1418833 1.50 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (z,z,z)- 18 15.396 8267193 8.76 P-menth-1-ene-3,3-d2 19 15.776 4268486 4.53 Cholest-24-ene, (5.alpha.,20.xi.)- 20 16.081 1835125 1.95 Behenic alcohol 21 17.015 574682 0.61 Glycidyl palmitate 22 17.502 356762 0.38 4,8,12,16-Tetramethylheptadecan-4-olide 23 17.792 1548266 1.64 N-tetracosanol-1 24 18.507 892966 0.95 Glycidyl oleate 25 18.633 387075 0.41 Pentacosane 26 18.885 1160812 1.23 Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester 27 18.949 2520126 2.67 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid 28 19.383 1722880 1.83 Hexacosyl pentafluoropropionate 29 19.997 295789 0.31 Carbonic acid, propyl 3,5-difluophenyl ester 30 20.152 1655981 1.76 Tetracontane 31 20.287 718350 0.76 9-Otadecenoic acid (z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester 32 20.437 1633424 1.73 Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester 33 20.875 8530902 9.04 Carbonic acid, eicosyl prop-1-en-2-yl ester 34 21.225 1169791 1.24 .alpha.-tocospiro b 35 21.371 1475710 1.56 .alpha.-tocospiro b 36 21.566 2790793 2.96 Tetracosane 37 21.619 566554 0.60 1-Heptacosanol 38 21.978 208285 0.22 Tetracontane 39 22.244 3146831 3.34 Tetracontane 40 22.339 198857 0.21 Triacontyl acetate 41 22.758 602558 0.64 .gamma.-tocopherol 42 22.987 3769661 4.00 Tetracontane 43 23.083 307563 0.33 Octacosanol 44 23.368 804368 0.85 2,5,7,8-Tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-3,4-dihydro-2h-chromen-6-yl hexofuranoside 45 23.832 2825781 3.00 Hexatriacontane 46 24.442 224749 0.24 Ergost-5-en-3-ol 47 24.697 146326 0.16 2,6,10,15,19,23-Hexamethyl-tetracosa-2,10,14,18,22-pentaene-6,7-diol 48 24.816 2579206 2.73 Tetracontane 49 25.344 4403683 4.67 .gamma.-sitosterol 50 25.897 247451 0.26 Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) 51 25.971 1050990 1.11 Tetracontane 52 27.369 1062263 1.13 Tetracontane 53 29.049 4468338 4.74 Benzenepropanoic acid, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-,octadecyl ester 54 31.061 859726 0.91 Tetrapentacontane 55 33.505 689017 0.73 Tetrapentacontane 56 36.515 570264 0.60 Tetrapentacontane Table 2.
GC–MS analysis of chloroform fraction of E. ganitrus leaves.
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Peak no. R. time Area Area % Name 1 4.562 1716062 2.75 4h-pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- 2 5.545 132891 0.21 1,5-Dimethyl-1-vinyl-4-hexenyl 2-aminobenzoate 3 6.130 66420 0.11 E-6-octadecen-1-ol acetate 4 6.658 9826941 15.75 4-Hydroxy-3-methylacetophenone 5 7.421 59260 0.09 1-Undecanol 6 7.746 290020 0.46 Methyl2,3,6,7-tetra-o-acetyl-4-o-methyl-.beta.-glycero-d-glucoheptopyranoside 7 8.935 1932769 3.10 Guanosine 8 9.178 535822 0.86 1,3:2,5-Dimethylene-l-rhamnitol 9 9.949 463870 0.74 Octadecanoic acid 10 10.144 279041 0.45 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diethyl este 11 10.370 1683966 2.70 .alpha.-methyl-l-sorboside 12 10.606 1300727 2.08 .alpha.-d-galactopyranoside, methyl 13 10.920 280573 0.45 Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-, hexahydro-4- methylspiro[cyclopenta[c]pyran-7(1h),2'-oxirane]-1,6-diyl ester 14 11.090 80380 0.13 Tricyclo[7.2.0.0(2,6)]undecan-5-ol, 2,6,10,10-tetramethyl- (isomer 3) 15 11.224 161606 0.26 .alpha.-d-galactopyranoside, methyl 16 11.492 189485 0.30 Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester 17 12.437 260634 0.42 2(4h)-benzofuranone, 5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-6- hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-, (6s-cis)- 18 12.643 123768 0.20 Neophytadiene 19 13.565 2866045 4.59 Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester 20 13.780 34044 0.05 1-hexadecen-3-ol, 3,5,11,15-tetramethyl- 21 13.910 47535 0.08 Silane, ethenylethyldimethyl- 22 14.555 73535 0.12 Pentadecanoic acid, methyl ester 23 15.188 1768899 2.83 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (z,z)-, methyl ester 24 15.249 5971407 9.57 (9e,12e)-9,12-octadecadienoyl chloride # 25 15.385 7933212 12.71 1,1'-Bicyclohexyl, 2-methyl-, cis- 26 15.481 910073 1.46 Methyl stearate 27 15.758 8239629 13.21 Cholest-24-ene, (5.alpha.,20.xi.)- 28 16.075 396431 0.64 Methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate 29 16.444 77246 0.12 Methyl 4-(dimethylamino)bicyclo[2.2.2]oct- 5-ene-2-carboxylate 30 16.612 54809 0.09 Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester 31 16.999 215619 0.35 17-octadecynoic acid 32 17.249 219061 0.35 Eicosanoic acid, methyl ester 33 18.127 232480 0.37 Oleoyl chloride 34 18.509 301125 0.48 Undec-10-ynoic acid, undec-2-en-1-yl ester 35 18.705 135332 0.22 Hexadecanoic acid, 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-ethanediyl ester 36 18.899 4607864 7.38 Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester 37 19.655 106312 0.17 Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester 38 20.300 580671 0.93 Oleoyl chloride 39 20.462 994304 1.59 Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester 40 20.912 3584027 5.74 9-octadecenamide 41 21.225 221450 0.35 .alpha.-tocospiro b 42 21.378 384165 0.62 .alpha.-tocospiro b 43 21.626 175973 0.28 Eicosyl heptafluorobutyrate 44 21.803 89987 0.14 Hexacosanoic acid, methyl ester 45 22.769 160960 0.26 .gamma.-tocopherol 46 22.989 86757 0.14 Tetracontane 47 23.174 92442 0.15 Stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3.beta.)- 48 23.380 1030143 1.65 Vitamin e 49 25.372 1237263 1.98 .gamma.-sitosterol 50 27.084 183826 0.29 Di-o-acetyltetrahydrostapelogenin Table 3.
GC–MS analysis of methanol fraction of E. ganitrus leaves.
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S. no. Name of the ligand Binding free energy
(kcal/mol)pKi Ligand efficieny (kcal/mo/non-H atom) Torsional energy 1 Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- –5.6 4.11 0.4667 1.2452 2 Cyclododecane –5.9 4.33 0.4917 0 3 Bicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene,4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylene- –6.6 4.84 0.44 0 4 1,4,8-Cycloundecatriene, 2,6,6,9-tetramethyl-,(e,e,e)- –6.5 4.77 0.4333 0 5 Phenol, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- –6.5 4.77 0.4333 0.9339 6 1-Heptadecene –4.6 3.37 0.2706 4.3582 7 1-Octadecene –4 2.93 0.2 4.0469 8 Neophytadiene –5.9 4.33 0.295 4.0469 9 2-Pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl- –5.4 3.96 0.2842 3.7356 10 7,9-Di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione –6.5 4.77 0.325 0.6226 11 Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester –4.9 3.59 0.2579 4.6695 12 Isophytol –4.9 3.59 0.2333 4.3582 13 Dibutyl phthalate –5.2 3.81 0.26 3.113 14 1-Nonadecene –4.9 3.59 0.2579 4.9808 15 1-octadecanol –5 3.67 0.2632 5.2921 16 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (z,z)-, methyl ester –5 3.67 0.2381 4.6695 17 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (z,z,z)- –5.4 3.96 0.2571 4.3582 18 P-Menth-1-ene-3,3-d2 –4.9 3.59 0.49 0.3113 19 Behenic alcohol –4.7 3.45 0.2043 6.5373 20 Glycidyl palmitate –5.4 3.96 0.2842 3.7356 21 4,8,12,16-Tetramethylheptadecan-4-olide –6.3 4.62 0.2739 3.7356 22 N-tetracosanol-1 –4.4 3.23 0.176 7.1599 23 Glycidyl oleate –4.6 3.37 0.1917 5.6034 24 Pentacosane –4.7 3.45 0.188 6.8486 25 Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester –4.6 3.37 0.2 6.226 26 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid –5.7 4.18 0.475 1.2452 27 Carbonic acid, propyl 3,5-difluophenyl ester –6.1 4.47 0.4067 1.5565 28 9-Octadecenoic acid (z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester –5 3.67 0.2 6.5373 29 Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester –4.9 3.59 0.196 6.8486 30 Carbonic acid, eicosyl prop-1-en-2-yl ester –5.1 3.74 0.1889 6.8486 31 Tetracosane –4.9 3.59 0.2042 6.5373 32 1-Heptacosanol –5.1 3.74 0.1821 8.0938 33 Triacontyl acetate –3.9 2.86 0.1147 9.339 34 Gamma.-tocopherol –6.8 4.99 0.2267 4.0469 35 Octacosanol –4.2 3.08 0.1448 8.4051 36 2,5,7,8-Tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-3,4-dihydro-2h-chromen-6-yl hexofuranoside –7.2 5.28 0.1714 6.226 37 Ergost-5-en-3-ol –7.3 5.35 0.2517 1.8678 38 2,6,10,15,19,23-Hexamethyl-tetracosa-2,10,14,18,22-pentaene-6,7-diol –6 4.4 0.1875 5.6034 39 Gamma.-sitosterol –9 6.6 0.3 2.1791 40 4h-pyran-4-one,2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- –5 3.67 0.5 0.6226 41 1,5-Dimethyl-1-vinyl-4-hexenyl 2-aminobenzoate –6.4 4.69 0.32 2.4904 42 E-6-octadecen-1-ol acetate –4.7 3.45 0.2136 5.2921 43 4-Hydroxy-3-methylacetophenone –5.7 4.18 0.5182 0.6226 44 1-undecanol –4.5 3.3 0.375 3.113 45 Methyl2,3,6,7-tetra-o-acetyl-4-o-methyl-.beta.-glycero-d-glucoheptopyranoside –5.5 4.03 0.1964 3.7356 46 Guanosine –6.8 4.99 0.2615 1.5565 47 1,3:2,5-Dimethylene-l-rhamnitol –5.4 3.96 0.4154 0.3113 48 Octadecanoic acid –5.3 3.89 0.265 5.2921 49 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, diethyl este –5.4 3.96 0.3375 1.8678 50 .alpha.-methyl-l-sorboside –4.7 3.45 0.3615 1.8678 51 .alpha.-d-galactopyranoside, methyl –5.2 3.81 0.4 1.8678 52 Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-, hexahydro-4- methylspiro[cyclopenta[c]pyran-7(1h),2'-oxirane]-1,6-diyl ester –6.8 4.99 0.2267 3.4243 53 Tricyclo[7.2.0.0(2,6)]undecan-5-ol, 2,6,10,10-tetramethyl- (isomer 3) –6.5 4.77 0.4062 0.3113 54 .alpha.-d-galactopyranoside, methyl –5.3 3.89 0.4077 1.8678 55 Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester –4.1 3.01 0.1952 5.2921 56 2(4h)-benzofuranone, 5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-6- hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-, (6s-cis)- –6.5 4.77 0.4643 0.3113 57 Neophytadiene –5 3.67 0.25 4.0469 58 Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester –4.9 3.59 0.2579 4.6695 59 1-Hexadecen-3-ol, 3,5,11,15-tetramethyl- –5.7 4.18 0.2714 4.3582 60 Pentadecanoic acid, methyl ester –4.4 3.23 0.2444 4.3582 61 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (z,z)-, methyl ester –5.4 3.96 0.2571 4.6695 62 (9e,12e)-9,12-octadecadienoyl chloride # –4.7 3.45 0.235 4.3582 63 1,1'-bicyclohexyl, 2-methyl-, cis- –5.6 4.11 0.4308 0.3113 64 Methyl stearate –5 3.67 0.2381 5.2921 65 Cholest-24-ene, (5.alpha.,20.xi.)- –9.2 6.75 0.3407 1.2452 66 Methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate –4.5 3.3 0.2143 4.6695 67 Methyl 4-(dimethylamino)bicyclo[2.2.2]oct- 5-ene-2-carboxylate –5.7 4.18 0.38 0.9339 68 Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester –4.8 3.52 0.2087 6.226 69 17-octadecynoic acid –5.1 3.74 0.255 5.2921 70 Eicosanoic acid, methyl ester –4.8 3.52 0.2087 5.9147 71 Undec-10-ynoic acid, undec-2-en-1-yl ester –5.1 3.74 0.2125 5.9147 72 Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester –4.7 3.45 0.2043 6.226 73 Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester –4.5 3.3 0.2368 4.6695 74 Oleoyl chloride –4.6 3.37 0.23 4.6695 75 Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester –4.6 3.37 0.184 6.8486 76 9-octadecenamide –4.7 3.45 0.235 4.6695 77 .alpha.-tocospiro b –6.4 4.69 0.1939 4.3582 78 Eicosyl heptafluorobutyrate –5.6 4.11 0.1697 7.1599 79 Hexacosanoic acid, methyl ester –4.7 3.45 0.1621 7.7825 80 Stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3.beta.)- –7.6 5.57 0.2533 2.1791 81 Vitamin e –7.1 5.21 0.229 4.0469 82 Plumbagin –5.9 4.33 0.4214 0.3113 83 Sanguinarine –8.9 6.53 0.356 0 Table 4.
Docking results of 81 phytoligands.
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S. no. Phytochemical Gastro- intestinal absorption Blood-brain permeant P-glycoprotein substrate CYP450 1A2 inhibitor CYP450 2C19 inhibitor CYP450 2C9 inhibitor CYP450 2D6 inhibitor CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Skin permeation as log Kp (cm/s) EG-1 Cholest-24-ene, (5.alpha.,20.xi.)- Low No No No No Yes No No –1.02 EG-2 gamma.-sitosterol Low No No No No No No No –2.65 EG-3 Stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3.beta.)- Low No No No No No No No –2.20 EG-4 Ergost-5-en-3-ol Low No No No No No No No –2.50 EG-5 2,5,7,8-Tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-3,4-dihydro-2h-chromen-6-yl hexofuranoside Low No No No No No No Yes –3.60 EG-6 Vitamin e Low No Yes No No No No No –1.33 EG-7 Guanosine Low No No No No No No No –9.37 EG-8 gamma.-tocopherol Low No Yes No No No No No –1.51 EG-9 Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-, hexahydro-4- methylspiro[cyclopenta[c]pyran-7(1h),2'-oxirane]-1,6-diyl ester High Yes No No No No Yes Yes –6.18 EG-10 Bicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene,4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylene- Low No No No Yes Yes No No –4.44 EG-11 1,4,8-Cycloundecatriene, 2,6,6,9-tetramethyl-,(e,e,e)- Low No No No No Yes No No –4.32 EG-12 Phenol, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- High Yes No No No No Yes No –4.07 EG-13 7,9-Di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione High Yes No No Yes Yes No No –5.28 EG-14 2(4h)-benzofuranone, 5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-6- hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-, (6s-cis)- High Yes No No No No No No –6.79 EG-15 Tricyclo[7.2.0.0(2,6)]undecan-5-ol, 2,6,10,10-tetramethyl- (isomer 3) High Yes No No Yes Yes No No –4.75 EG-16 1,5-Dimethyl-1-vinyl-4-hexenyl 2-aminobenzoate High Yes No No Yes Yes No No –4.54 EG-17 alpha.-tocospiro b High No No No No No No No –3.90 EG-18 4,8,12,16-Tetramethylheptadecan-4-olide Low No No Yes No Yes No No –2.70 EG-19 Carbonic acid, propyl 3,5-difluophenyl ester High Yes No Yes Yes No No No –5.37 EG-20 2,6,10,15,19,23-Hexamethyl-tetracosa-2,10,14,18,22-pentaene-6,7-diol Low No No Yes No Yes No No –2.37 EG-21 Cyclododecane Low No No No No No No No –4.42 EG-22 Neophytadiene Low No Yes No No Yes No No –1.17 EG-23 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid High No No No No No No No –6.80 EG-24 4-Hydroxy-3-methylacetophenone High Yes No Yes No No No No –6.54 EG-25 1-Hexadecen-3-ol, 3,5,11,15-tetramethyl- Low No Yes No No Yes No No –2.41 EG-26 Methyl 4-(dimethylamino)bicyclo[2.2.2]oct- 5-ene-2-carboxylate High Yes No No No No No No –6.65 Plumbagin High Yes No Yes No No No No –5.82 Sanguinarine High Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No –5.17 Table 5.
Pharmacokinetics prediction of phytoligands established in E. ganitrus.
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Phyto-ligands Bioavailability score Water solubility as logS iLOGP XLOGP3 WLOGP MLOGP SILICOS-IT EG-1 0.55 Poorly soluble as –6.25 5.12 10.62 8.42 8.32 7.14 EG-2 0.55 Poorly soluble as –6.19 4.75 8.86 7.96 5.80 7.04 EG-3 0.55 Poorly soluble as –6.19 4.79 9.34 8.02 6.73 7.04 EG-4 0.55 Moderately soluble as –5.79 4.92 8.80 7.63 6.54 6.63 EG-5 0.55 Poorly soluble as –7.37 6.14 8.89 6.31 3.49 8.12 EG-6 0.55 Poorly soluble as –9.16 5.92 10.70 8.84 6.14 9.75 EG-7 0.55 Very Soluble as 0.51 –0.23 –1.89 –3.00 –2.76 –2.22 EG-8 0.55 Poorly soluble as –8.79 5.76 10.33 8.53 5.94 9.20 EG-9 0.55 Soluble as –2.86 3.87 3.34 2.93 2.07 3.34 EG-10 0.55 Soluble as –3.77 3.29 4.38 4.73 4.63 4.19 EG-11 0.55 Soluble as –3.52 3.27 4.55 5.04 4.53 3.91 EG-12 0.55 Soluble as –4.25 2.86 4.91 3.99 3.87 3.81 EG-13 0.55 Soluble as –3.81 2.91 3.81 3.59 2.87 3.82 EG-14 0.55 Very Soluble as –1.82 1.88 1.00 1.41 1.49 1.86 EG-15 0.55 Soluble as –3.18 3.01 4.09 3.61 3.81 3.40 EG-16 0.55 Moderately soluble as –4.28 3.37 4.83 4.12 3.63 3.75 EG-17 0.55 Poorly soluble as –7.19 4.94 7.24 6.58 3.67 7.85 EG-18 0.55 Poorly soluble as –6.31 4.15 7.86 6.52 4.96 6.99 EG-19 0.55 Soluble as –3.59 2.84 3.17 3.73 2.91 2.81 EG-20 0.55 Poorly soluble as –6.30 6.11 9.38 8.77 6.01 9.10 EG-21 0.55 Soluble as –3.21 3.01 4.10 4.68 5.00 4.00 EG-22 0.55 Poorly soluble as –6.11 5.05 9.62 7.17 6.21 7.30 EG-23 0.85 Soluble as –1.14 0.60 0.73 1.08 1.20 0.61 EG-24 0.55 Very Soluble as –2.53 1.54 0.95 1.90 1.44 2.14 EG-25 0.55 Moderately soluble as –5.51 4.97 8.02 6.36 5.25 6.57 EG-26 0.55 Very Soluble as –1.35 2.70 1.31 1.45 1.77 1.11 Plumbagin 0.55 Soluble as –2.85 1.79 2.29 1.72 0.59 2.22 Sanguinarine 0.55 Poorly soluble as –6.09 –0.04 4.45 3.43 2.72 3.85 Table 6.
Bioavailability prediction of phytoligands established in E. ganitrus.
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Phyto-ligands Lipinski
ruleGhose
filterVeber
filterEgan
filterMuegge
filterEG-1 Yes No Yes No No EG-2 Yes No Yes No No EG-3 Yes No Yes No No EG-4 Yes No Yes No No EG-5 Yes No No No No EG-6 Yes No No No No EG-7 Yes No No No No EG-8 Yes No No No No EG-9 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes EG-10 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes EG-11 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes EG-12 Yes Yes Yes Yes No EG-13 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes EG-14 Yes Yes Yes Yes No EG-15 Yes Yes Yes Yes No EG-16 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes EG-17 Yes No No No No EG-18 Yes No No No No EG-19 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes EG-20 Yes No No No No EG-21 Yes Yes Yes Yes No EG-22 Yes No No No No EG-23 Yes No Yes Yes No EG-24 Yes No Yes Yes No EG-25 Yes No No No No EG-26 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Plumbagin Yes Yes Yes Yes No Sanguinarine Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Table 7.
Drug-likeness prediction of phytoligands established in E. ganitrus.
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SI. No. PAINS structural alert Brenk structural alert Lead-
likenessSynthetic accessibility score EG-1 0 1 2 5.61 EG-2 0 1 2 6.42 EG-3 0 1 2 6.30 EG-4 0 1 2 6.17 EG-5 0 0 3 7.10 EG-6 0 0 3 5.17 EG-7 0 0 0 3.86 EG-8 0 0 3 5.00 EG-9 0 2 2 5.59 EG-10 0 1 2 4.51 EG-11 0 1 2 3.66 EG-12 0 0 2 1.37 EG-13 0 0 1 4.35 EG-14 0 0 1 3.63 EG-15 0 0 2 3.77 EG-16 0 2 1 2.91 EG-17 0 0 3 6.76 EG-18 0 0 2 4.12 EG-19 0 1 1 2.23 EG-20 0 1 3 5.52 EG-21 0 0 2 2.21 EG-22 0 1 2 4.08 EG-23 0 0 1 1.00 EG-24 0 0 1 1.00 EG-25 0 1 2 3.89 EG-26 0 1 1 4.38 Plumbagin 2 0 1 2.41 Sanguinarine 0 2 1 2.59 Table 8.
Medicinal chemistry prediction of phytoligands established in E. ganitrus.
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Phyto-ligands LD50 (mg/kg) Toxicity class Hepatotoxicity Carcinogenicity Immunotoxicity Mutagenicity Cytotoxicity EG-1 5000 5 Inactive Inactive Active Inactive Inactive EG-2 890 4 Inactive Inactive Active Inactive Inactive EG-3 890 4 Inactive Inactive Active Inactive Inactive EG-4 890 4 Inactive Inactive Active Inactive Inactive EG-5 3000 5 Inactive Inactive Active Inactive Inactive EG-6 5000 5 Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive EG-7 13 2 Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive EG-8 5000 5 Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive EG-9 8000 6 Inactive Active Inactive Active Inactive EG-10 5300 5 Inactive Inactive Active Inactive Inactive EG-11 3650 5 Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive EG-12 800 4 Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive EG-13 900 4 Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive EG-14 34 2 Inactive Active Inactive Inactive Inactive EG-15 2050 5 Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive EG-16 4250 5 Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive EG-17 300 3 Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Active EG-18 4400 5 Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive EG-19 1500 4 Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive EG-20 4300 5 Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive EG-21 750 3 Inactive Active Inactive Inactive Inactive EG-22 5050 6 Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive EG-23 2530 5 Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive EG-24 2830 5 Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive EG-25 340 4 Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive EG-26 2000 4 Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Plumbagin 16 2 Inactive Active Inactive Active Inactive Sanguinarine 778 4 Inactive Active Active Active Inactive Table 9.
Toxicity prediction of phytoligands established in E. ganitrus.
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Phyto-ligand Lipophilicity
(XLOGP3)Size
(MW g/mol)Polarity
(TPSA)Insolubility
[Log S (ESOL)]Insaturation
(Fraction Csp3)Flexibility
(Num. rotatable bonds)EG-9 3.34 368.46 74.36 –3.70 0.90 8 EG-12 4.91 206.32 20.23 –4.38 0.57 2 EG-13 3.81 276.37 43.37 –3.82 0.65 2 EG-15 4.09 222.37 20.23 –3.80 1.00 0 EG-16 4.83 273.37 52.32 –4.34 0.35 7 EG-26 1.31 209.28 29.54 –1.76 0.75 3 Plumbagin 2.29 188.18 54.37 –2.77 0.09 0 Sanguinarine 4.45 332.33 40.80 –5.24 0.15 0 Table 10.
Bioavailability prediction of phytoligands established in E. ganitrus.
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Phyto-ligands 2D- Binding interaction 3D- Binding interaction EG-9 (-6.8) 
EG-12 (-6.5) 
EG-13 (-6.5) 
EG-15 (-6.5) 
EG-16 (-6.4) 
EG-26
(-5.7)
Plumbagin 
Sanguinarine 
Table 11.
2D and 3D binding interactions between the receptor 6NJS and molecules.
Figures
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Tables
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