Figures (7)  Tables (3)

    • Figure 1. 

      (a) Rice plant height at the time of transplanting and after 16, 27, 48, and 100 d of transplanting and (b) growth rate during these growing periods. Note: F is chemical fertilizer treatment; JA is the liquid Jiaosu for soil treatment, liquid Jiaosu for leaf treatment, and solid Jiaosu for soil treatment; JT is the treatment of the liquid and solid Jiaosu for soil treatment; JY is liquid Jiaosu for leaf treatment and solid Jiaosu for soil treatment.

    • Figure 2. 

      (a) Aboveground biomass of rice after 16, 27, 48, and 100 d of transplanting and (b) biomass growth rates during these growth periods. Note: F is chemical fertilizer treatment; JA is the liquid Jiaosu for soil treatment, liquid Jiaosu for leaf treatment, and solid Jiaosu for soil treatment; JT is the treatment of the liquid and solid Jiaosu for soil treatment; JY is liquid Jiaosu for leaf treatment and solid Jiaosu for soil treatment.

    • Figure 3. 

      (a) Total plant biomass, (b) root-shoot ratio, (c) grain harvest index, (d) grain-straw ratio at harvest stage of rice under different treatments. Note: F is chemical fertilizer treatment; JA is the liquid Jiaosu for soil treatment, liquid Jiaosu for leaf treatment, and solid Jiaosu for soil treatment; JT is the treatment of the liquid and solid Jiaosu for soil treatment; JY is liquid Jiaosu for leaf treatment and solid Jiaosu for soil treatment.

    • Figure 4. 

      Correlation between aboveground biomass and plant height. Note: F is chemical fertilizer treatment; JA is the liquid Jiaosu for soil treatment, liquid Jiaosu for leaf treatment, and solid Jiaosu for soil treatment; JT is the treatment of the liquid and solid Jiaosu for soil treatment; JY is liquid Jiaosu for leaf treatment and solid Jiaosu for soil treatment.

    • Figure 5. 

      Components of rice yield under different treatments: (a) Yield per plant, (b) effective panicle, (c) grains per panicle, (d) number of solid grains, (e) panicle length, (f) particle density, (g) thousand-grain weight, (h) setting rate. Note: F is chemical fertilizer treatment; JA is the liquid Jiaosu for soil treatment, liquid Jiaosu for leaf treatment, and solid Jiaosu for soil treatment; JT is the treatment of the liquid and solid Jiaosu for soil treatment; JY is liquid Jiaosu for leaf treatment and solid Jiaosu for soil treatment.

    • Figure 6. 

      Effect of yield components on yield per plant. Note: R² represent the proportion of variance explained by the variables in the model, and the arrow numbers represent the standard path coefficients. *, **, and *** indicate the statistically significant, highly significant, and extremely significant at p < 0.01, p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 level respectively.

    • Figure 7. 

      Differences of soil available (a) nitrogen, (b) phosphorus, and (c) potassium content in different growth stages. Note: F is chemical fertilizer treatment; JA is the liquid Jiaosu for soil treatment, liquid Jiaosu for leaf treatment, and solid Jiaosu for soil treatment; JT is the treatment of the liquid and solid Jiaosu for soil treatment; JY is liquid Jiaosu for leaf treatment and solid Jiaosu for soil treatment.

    • VarietypHSoil organicNP2O5K2OProducer
      Chemical fertilizer−−15%15%15%Jiangxi Woerde New Fertilizer Technology Co., LTD
      Solid agricultural Jiaosu for soil5.5093.09%3.31%1.57%1.74%Weinan Shuntian Agricultural JiaoSu Technology Co., LTD
      Liquid agricultural Jiaosu for soil4.46
      (1:250 dilution)      		31.60 g·L−11.62 g·L−13.44 g·L−18.31 g·L−1
      Liquid agricultural Jiaosu for leaf surface3.96
      (1:250 dilution)      		39.04 g·L−1−−−
      F−−18.00 g·pot−118.00 g·pot−118.00 g·pot−1−
      JA−140.01 g·pot−14.98 g·pot−12.40 g·pot−12.73 g·pot−1−
      JT−139.97 g·pot−14.98 g·pot−12.40 g·pot−12.73 g·pot−1−
      JY−139.51 g·pot−14.96 g·pot−12.35 g·pot−12.61 g·pot−1−
      F is treatment of conventional fertilizer, JA treatment is solid agricultural Jiaosu for soil + liquid agricultural Jiaosu for soil + liquid agricultural Jiaosu for leaf surface; JT is solid agricultural Jiaosu for soil + liquid agricultural Jiaosu for soil; JY is solid agricultural Jiaosu for soil + liquid agricultural Jiaosu for leaf surface.

      Table 1. 

      Basic information on different treatments and fertilizers.

    • NPK
      rPrPrP
      16 d after transplantedPlant height−0.1320.6260.2910.2740.3080.246
      Aboveground biomass0.2070.4420.3440.1920.1230.650
      27 d after transplantedPlant height−0.1520.574−0.1920.477−0.3110.241
      Aboveground biomass−0.3820.145−0.491*0.053−0.470*0.066
      48 d after transplantedPlant height−0.0980.7750.690**0.0190.2960.377
      Aboveground biomass−0.3090.355−0.3480.294−0.760***0.007
      100 d after transplantedPlant height0.4050.120−0.2210.411−0.1070.693
      Aboveground biomass−0.1910.4780.3000.2590.505**0.046
      Whole growth periodPlant height−0.460***0.0000.0150.911−0.292**0.025
      Aboveground biomass−0.2080.1150.0570.6670.0650.622
      '*', '**', and '***' indicate the statistically significant, highly significant, and extremely significant at p < 0.01, p < 0.05, and p < 0.001 level respectively. r in the table is Pearson correlation coefficient, P in the table is p-value in the Pearson correlation analysis. N, P, and K represent soil ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, respectively.

      Table 2. 

      Relationship between soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and plant growth index.

    • 6 d after transplanted16 d after transplanted27 d after transplanted48 d after transplanted100 d after transplanted
      A.NA.PA.KA.NA.PA.KA.NA.PA.KA.NA.PA.KA.NA.PA.K
      Yield per plant−0.536*−0.44*
      Effective panicle0.711***0.705***0.517**0.733***0.660***0.751***0.749***0.646**0.745***
      Total grain−0.448*−0.501*−0.442*−0.684**−0.720**
      Solid grain−0.511**−0.576**−.529**−0.493*−0.536*−0.758***
      Panicle length−0.464*−0.469*−0.481*−0.541*
      Grain density−0.456*−0.666**−0.711**
      1000-grain weight−0.434*−0.564**−0.507**−0.435*−0.748***−0.787***−0.577**
      Plant height−0.467*−0.466*
      Straw weight per plant0.815***0.630**0.612**0.446*0.833***0.776***0.793***0.758**0.684**0.681**0.505**
      Aboveground biomass0.680***0.489*0.709***0.759***0.643***0.711**0.547*
      Underground biomass0.706***
      Total biomass0.668***0.493*0.709***0.737***0.638***0.695**0.556*
      Total biomass per spike−0.701***−0.663***−0.786***−0.475*−0.474*−0.707***−0.442*−0.698***−0.490*−0.794***−0.624**−0.640***
      Head ratio straw−0.723***−0.666***−0.769***−0.475*−0.712***−0.472*−0.704***−0.522*−0.777***−0.624**−0.666***
      '*', '**', and '***' indicate the statistically significant, highly significant, and extremely significant at p < 0.01, p < 0.05, and p < 0.001 level respectively. A.N, A.P, and A.K represent soil ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, respectively..

      Table 3. 

      Correlation between soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at each growth stage and yield and biomass at harvest stage.