Nutraceutical prospects of phenolic compounds from desugared sugarcane extract: an <i>in vitro</i> study of its bioaccessibility and bioactivity

Nico G. Dumandan; Ranelle D. P. Acda; Annie Cita T. Kagaoan; Caren R. Tumambing; Nico G. Dumandan; Ranelle D. P. Acda; Annie Cita T. Kagaoan; Caren R. Tumambing

doi:10.48130/fmr-0024-0014

Figures (7) Tables (4)

Figure 1.
HPLC chromatogram of phenolic acids present in desugared sugarcane extract. Peaks identified: 1 − Gallic acid; 2 − p-Hydroxybenzoic acid; 3 − Vanillic acid; 4 − p-Coumaric acid; 5 − Sinapic acid. Peaks with no label are unknown.
Figure 2.
DPPH radical scavenging activity of desugared sugarcane extract (DSE) and ascorbic acid (positive control).
Figure 3.
ABTS radical scavenging activity of desugared sugarcane extract (DSE) and ascorbic acid (positive control).
Figure 4.
Ferric Reducing Capacity of desugared sugarcane extract (DSE) and ascorbic acid (positive control).
Figure 5.
Phenolic acid content of desugared sugarcane extract during simulated gastrointestinal digestion.
Figure 6.
Bioaccessibility Index of phenolic acids present in desugared sugarcane extract during simulated gastrointestinal digestion.
Figure 7.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity of desugared sugarcane extract (DSE) and acarbose (positive control).

	Composition
Parameters
Moisture	2.50% ± 0.69%
Ash	3.28% ± 0.01%
Crude protein	5.98% ± 0.03%
Crude fiber	0.06% ± 0.00
Crude fat	0.07% ± 0.02%
Phytochemical compounds
Total phenolic content (g GAE/100 g)	32.21 ± 0.59
Total flavonoid content (mg QE/100 g)	4.50 ± 0.2
Total anthocyanin content (mg CYE/ 100 g)	ND
Condensed tannins content (mg CE/ 100 g)	ND
Phenolic acid profiling (mg/100 mg sample)^a
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid	172.15 ± 1.70
Gallic acid	101.48 ± 2.47
p-Coumaric acid	390.65 ± 5.00
Sinapic acid	638.37 ± 19.32
Ferulic acid	ND
Rosmarinic acid	ND
Caffeic acid	ND
Chlorogenic acid	ND
Vanillic acid	724.56 ± 15.25
ND – not detected; ^a HPLC quantification (Linearity and Pearson correlation coefficient of standards). p-hydroxybenzoic acid: y = 74,436.78x – 43,860.17, R² = 0.9972; Gallic acid: y = 32,740.20x – 15,807.20, R² = 0.9980; p-coumaric acid: y = 75,863.84x – 28,155.51, R² = 0.9940; Sinapic acid: y = 15,554.05x + 11,652.20, R² = 0.9917; Ferulic acid: y= 38,241.65x – 26421.30, R² = 0.9915; Rosmarinic acid: y = 26,606.15x + 3,964.90, R² = 0.9815; Caffeic acid: y = 44,829.65x + 22,565.10, R² = 0.9886; Chlorogenic acid: y = 15,347.45x – 12,230.50, R² = 0.9975; Vanillic acid: y = 47,194.62x + 928.95, R² = 0.9955.

Table 1.

Proximate composition, phytochemical profiling, and phenolic acid quantification in desugared sugarcane extract.

Sample	Antioxidant activity (EC50 μg/mL)
Sample	DPPH radical scavenging	ABTS radical scavenging	Ferric reducing capacity
DSE	64.77 ± 1.19^a	31.26 ± 1.17^a	345.04 ± 3.08^a
Ascorbic acid (control)	2.54 ± 0.28^b	10.42 ± 2.45^b	42.21 ± 0.59^a
^{a, b} Different superscripts in the same column denotes significant differences (p < 0.05) as analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test; DSE: Desugared sugarcane extract.

Table 2.

DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing capacity of desugared sugarcane extract.

Digestion phase	Total phenolic content^†	DPPH radical scavenging capacity^‡	Bioaccessibility index
Undigested	34.91 ± 0.40^b	122.29 ± 1.29^a	−
Post gastric	21.17 ± 0.89^c	126.73 ± 1.65^a	60.44%
Post intestinal	55.99 ± 3.26^a	37.49 ± 1.45^b	160.38%
Dialysable (free soluble)	13.41 ± 0.41^d	29.59 ± 1.78^c	38.41%
^a−d Different superscripts in the same column denotes significant differences (p < 0.05) as analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test. ^† Expressed as g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per 100 g sample; ^‡ Expressed as μg Trolox equivalent (TE) per 100 g sample.

Table 3.

Total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging capacity and bioaccessibility of desugared sugarcane extract during simulated gastrointestinal digestion.

Sample	Alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity (IC50 μg/mL)
DSE	67.78 ± 0.05^b
Acarbose (control)	762.00 ± 31.82^a
^{a, b} Different superscripts in the same column denotes significant differences (p <0.05) as analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test. DSE: Desugared sugarcane extract.

Table 4.

Alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity of desugared sugarcane extract and acarbose (control).