Figures (0)  Tables (5)
    • S. No. Sugarcane
      cultivated field
      Hyphal type Arbuscles Vesicles AMF infection
      level
      AMF spore of
      10 gm soil
      AMF spp.
      Broad Thin
      1 Field 1 +++ ++ +++ 56% 12 Rf, Ga
      2 Field 2 +++ ++ +++ 71% 13 Rf, Ga, Gi, Gc
      3 Field 3 + + + 34% 8 Rf, At
      4 Field 4 9 Rf, Gal, Gac
      5 Field 5 ++ + 48% 11 Rf, Ri, Gc, Gg
      6 Field 6 ++ + ++ 52% 12 Rf, Ga, AL
      7 Field 7 ++ + +++ 39% 14 Rf, G, Sc
      8 Field 9 10 Rf, Ri, Gm
      9 Field 9 ++ ++ +++ 53% 12 Rf, Ga, Fm
      10 Field 10 ++ + ++ 56% 10 Rf, Ga, Fm
      +, Poor; ++, Moderate; +++, Abundant; −, Absent. Rf, R. fasciculatus; Ga, G. aggregatum; Ri, R. intraradices; Gm, F. mosseae; Gc, G. constrictum; Gac, G. macrocarpum; Gal, Gigaspora albida; At, Acaulospora tuberculate; AL, A. laevis; Sc, Sclerocystis spp.

      Table 1. 

      AM fungi infection in roots and spores' population spores in rhizosphere in soil for different sugarcane fields.

    • Fungi AM fungi infected Control
      (AM fungi free)
      Phycomycetes
      Mucor racemosus Fres + +
      Rhizopus oryzae Went & Gerling + +
      Rhizopus varians Povah +
      Ascomycetes
      Chaetomium globosum Kunze & Shorr + +
      Neocosmospora vasinfecta Smith +
      Deute romyetes
      Alternaria alternata (Fr), Keisler +
      Aspergillus candidus Link. + +
      Aspergillus flavus Link. + +
      Aspergillus niger Van Tiegh. + +
      Aspergillus sydowi (Bainer & Sartory) +
      Aspergillus terreus Thom + +
      Cladosporium herbarum (Pors). Link + +
      Cephalosporium sacchari Butler +
      Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn +
      Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon +
      Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sace. +
      Fusarium semifectum Berk & Rev. +
      Helminthosporium halodes Drechs. +
      Macrophomina phasealina (Tassi) Goid + +
      Mycothecium roridum Tode exfr +
      Penicillium chrysogenum Thon +
      Penicillium lilacinum Thon +
      Pestalotia glandicola (Cast) Stey + +
      Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. +
      Trichoderma harzianum Rafai +
      Verticillium albo-atrum Reink & Berthold. +
      Total number of fungi 14 12

      Table 2. 

      Presence (+) and absence (−) of genera of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in infected and uninfected (AM fungi free) plants of Saccharum officinarum L.

    • Fungi Jan Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.
      AI AU AI AU AI AU AI AU AI AU AI AU AI AU AI AU AI AU AI AU AI AU AI AU
      F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
      Mucor racemosus 60 65 58 64 57 60 30 35 30 38 35 45 48 54 55 58 56
      Rhizopus oryzae 85 88 70 85 65 84 60 72 35 70 30 65 70 40 74 35 79 75 80 80 84 86 86 86
      Rhizopus varians 64 80 68 66 58 60 60 66 72
      Chaetomium globosum 34 52 40 26 45 32 42 34 50 36
      Neocosmospora vainfecta 17 10 15 14 10 18
      Alternaria alternata 28 35 32 35 30 28
      Aspergillus candidus 66 70 62 36 40 60 65 62 70 52 60 56 66 60 76
      Aspergillus flavus 74 82 52 65 60 62 70 80 71 75 75 80 76 85 82 82
      Aspergillus niger 80 86 78 86 70 78 65 65 52 67 35 65 40 45 50 64 64 70 75 72 76 75 80 86
      Aspergillus sydowi 52 34 52 60 56 54
      Aspergillus terreus 70 85 70 55 50 62 56 64 68 68 64 70 75 78 76 72 66 80
      Cladosporium herbarum 29 35 40 50 48 48 45 32 38 34 35
      Cephalasporium sacchari 40 33 50 48 42 34 30
      Curvularia lunata 50 45 43 45 50 52 55
      Fusarium moniliforme 40 36 45 50 45 30 32 28
      Fusarium solani 45 50 44 36 26 30 35 55 52 48
      Fusarium hemitectum 42 50 45 36 20 46 48 56 55 54
      Helminthosporium halodes 35 32 40 36 45
      Macrophomina phaseolina 35 40 35 22 30 40 35 36 45 46 50
      Myrothecium roridum 40 35 25 30 22 35 20 30
      Penicillum chrysogenum 42 52 30 32 28 33 47 52 60
      Penicillum lilacinum 50 60 64 70 55 54 60
      Pestalotia glandicola 55 52 52 46 54 55 64 65 58 62 60 55
      Rhizoctonia solani 30 35 32 35 40 25
      Trichoderma harzianum 78 56 60 68 64 76 70 76 80
      Verticillium albo-atrum 30 25 35 26 30 45 35 22 30 50
      AI, AMF infected ; AU, AMF Uninfected; F, Percentage frequency; −, Percentage frequency NIL.

      Table 3. 

      Monthly fluctuations in the percentage frequency of rhizosphere mycoflora of AM fungi infected and uninfected plants of Saccharum officinarum L.

    • Fungi Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.
      AI AU AI AU AI AU AI AU AI AU AI AU AI AU AI AU AI AU AI AU AI AU AI AU
      F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F
      Mucor racemosus 7.70 7.85 7.60 8.75 7.56 7.70 5.45 6.15 6.45 6.80 6.15 6.95 7.80 7.35 7.90 7.62 8.50
      Rhizopus oryzae 14.42 14.92 13.72 14.45 13.10 14.40 13.05 13.76 8.25 13.70 8.80 13.10 10.70 11.25 14.20 14.85 12.43 14.25 14.43 15.25 14.40 14.65 14.62 14.70
      Rhizopus varians 12.25 14.75 12.82 12.05 11.96 11.95 12.95 11.95 12.08
      Chaetomium globosum 6.15 8.10 6.80 4.45 7.15 4.78 7.25 4.95 7.70 5.05
      Neocosmospora vainfecta 1.95 1.88 1.95 1.75 1.70 2.02
      Alternaria alternata 5.45 5.90 5.85 5.70 5.68 5.55
      Aspergillus candidus 8.72 13.10 12.85 3.40 10.25 8.60 13.10 9.35 14.20 8.95 12.45 11.85 10.96 14.25
      Aspergillus flavus 12.76 14.25 12.80 12.95 12.65 12.75 13.12 13.10 13.10 13.95 13.45 14.10 13.48 14.95 14.56 14.56
      Aspergillus niger 13.60 15.45 13.20 15.45 12.10 14.85 11.45 11.40 5.12 14.05 8.95 13.85 9.85 9.50 10.26 13.75 11.40 14.15 12.75 14.20 12.80 14.60 13.65 15.45
      Aspergillus sydowi 9.05 8.70 8.60 9.35 8.95 10.96
      Aspergillus terreus 11.76 14.78 13.10 12.32 11.70 12.80 12.35 14.05 13.15 13.65 11.48 13.10 12.75 13.75 13.76 13.80 13.10 14.45
      Cladosporium herbarum 5.25 5.45 6.48 7.55 7.48 7.45 7.35 5.45 6.65 5.52 5.65
      Cephalasporium sacchari 6.05 5.45 7.52 7.48 6.46 5.52 5.52
      Curvularia lunata 6.70 6.40 6.30 6.40 6.75 6.75 6.85
      Fusarium moniliforme 5.10 4.95 6.15 8.16 7.15 4.60 4.75 4.35
      Fusarium solani 6.15 7.06 6.05 4.95 4.32 4.60 5.09 5.75 5.65 5.45
      Fusarium semitectum 5.90 7.15 6.78 5.16 5.05 6.25 6.35 6.85 6.80 6.75
      Penicillum chrysogenum 5.80 10.20 5.15 5.20 4.90 5.15 6.35 7.96 10.56
      Helminthosporium halodes 6.10 5.35 6.15 6.15 6.60
      Macrophomina phaseolina 8.95 9.15 8.25 3.30 4.10 3.15 5.15 3.10 6.10 7.06 8.32
      Myrothecium roridum 4.75 3.65 3.15 3.64 3.10 3.46 2.60 3.95
      Penicillum lilacinum 9.15 11.10 11.15 12.30 10.50 12.10 10.70
      Pestalotia glandicola 10.15 10.05 10.10 9.86 10.20 10.25 11.35 11.40 10.60 11.15 10.85 10.15
      Rhizoctonia solani 3.42 4.15 4.08 4.26 4.96 2.15
      Trichoderma harzianum 13.20 12.30 12.40 12.70 10.35 13.10 12.76 13.10 13.40
      Verticillium albo-atrum 2.01 2.05 3.09 2.15 2.96 4.98 3.26 1.95 2.35
      AI, AMF infected ; AU, AMF Uninfected. F, Percentage frequency; −, Percentage frequency NIL.

      Table 4. 

      Monthly fluctuations in the percentage abundance of rhizosphere mycoflora of AM fungi infected and AM fungi free plants of Saccharum officinarum L.

    • Fungi Summer Monsoon Winter Annual
      March AMF
      infected
      June AMF free July AMF
      infected
      October AMF free November AMF
      infected
      February AMF free March AMF
      infected
      February AMF free
      F A F A F A F A F A F A F A F A
      Mucor racemosus 14 1.89 15 1.92 37 6.33 28 5.1 57 7.56 60 8.25 36 5.26 34 5.09
      Rhizopus oryzae 47 10.80 73 13.74 76 12.94 57 13.90 81 14.29 86 14.68 68 12.67 72 14.10
      Rhizopus varians 17 3.20 61 12.22 65 12.74 49 9.39
      Chaetomium globosum 10 1.70 14 2.30 22 3.60 26 4.03 26 4.12 13 2.11 19 3.08
      Neocosmospora vainfecta 3 0.47 10 1.35 9 0.99 7 0.16
      Alternaria alternata 8 1.46 23 4.23 16 2.83 13 2.38
      Aspergillus candidus 9 0.85 10 2.56 43 6.72 49 9.93 45 4.92 68 13.01 33 4.16 42 8.50
      Aspergillus flavus 28 6 32 6.47 54 12.43 59 13.63 50 9.65 62 10.75 47 9.36 51 10.29
      Aspergillus niger 55 9.40 68 13.53 57 11.06 62 12.90 79 13.31 83 15.23 67 11.26 71 13.88
      Aspergillus sydowi 8 2.17 42 6.72 56 5.00 26 4.63
      Aspergillus terreus 22 6.00 50 6.47 66 12.43 70 13.63 53 9.65 59 10.75 48 9.36 53 10.29
      Cladosporium herbarum 7 1.31 9 1.36 30 4.85 42 7.25 9 1.38 9 1.41 15 2.51 21 3.34
      Cephalasporium sacchari 8 1.36 35 5.36 27 4.21 23 3.64
      Curvularia lunata 47 6.55 38 4.98 28 3.86
      Fusarium moniliforme 9 1.23 43 6.51 25 3.55 26 3.76
      Fusarium solani 20 2.75 37 4.94 49 6.07 35 4.58
      Fusarium semitectum 20 2.98 46 6.12 50 6.65 38 6.25
      Helminthosporium halodes 8 1.34 30 4.73 9 1.52 16 2.53
      Macrophomina phaseolina 9 2.23 19 4.35 25 2.38 28 3.83 24 3.84 11 1.54 23 4.01
      Myrothecium roridum 9 0.91 28 3.33 23 2.82 20 3.36
      Penicillum chrysogenum 8 1.28 35 5.40 52 8.63 31 5.11
      Penicillum lilacinum 47 8.48 57 10.28 35 6.26
      Pestalotia glandicola 11 2.46 30 5.38 30 5.41 43 7.87 59 10.38 28 5.24 30 5.27
      Rhizoctonia solani 27 3.32 27 2.43 16 1.92
      Trichoderma harzianum 29 6.17 70 12.22 59 9.92 52 9.44
      Verticillium albo-atrum 15 1.31 33 3.28 34 3.09 27 2.56
      F, percentage frequency; A, percentage abundance; −, percentage frequency NIL.

      Table 5. 

      Monthly fluctuations in the percentage abundance of rhizosphere mycoflora of AM fungi infected and AM fungi free plants of Saccharum officinarum L.