Figures (1)  Tables (7)

    • Figure 1. 

      Different categories of disease incidence under the non-pricking method of pod inoculation based on score chart.

    • Sl. no. Genotype Origin
      1 AMAZ 12 Ecuador
      2 VB 514 Brazil
      3 AMAZ 5/25 Ecuador
      4 NA 804 Peru
      5 GU 249/H Guiana
      6 NA 33 Peru
      7 NA 702 Peru
      8 GU 183/G Guiana
      9 GU 269/V Guiana
      10 ICS 100 Trinidad and Tobago
      11 LAF 1 Costa Rica
      12 CHUNDALE Wayanad
      13 PNG 290 Papua New Guinea
      14 PNG 299 Papua New Guinea
      15 1MC 105 Peru
      16 PA 70 Peru
      17 GU 125C Guiana
      18 GU 226/V Guiana
      19 WA 40 Malaysia
      20 SPA 9 Colombia
      21 TSA 792 Trinidad and Tobago
      22 GU 195/V Guiana
      23 SNK 413 Cameroon
      24 LCTEEN 162-1010 Ecuador

      Table 1. 

      List of genotypes and their origin based on information in the International Cacao Germplasm Database (ICGD, www.icgd.reading.ac.uk).

    • Sl. no. Score Pod area infection
      1 Highly resistant 0−15%
      2 Resistant 15.1%−25%
      3 Moderately resistant 25.1%−50%
      4 Moderately susceptible 50.1%−75%
      5 Susceptible > 75%

      Table 2. 

      Score chart based on pod area infection.

    • Sl. no. Genotypes Pod parameters (cm) Lesion size (cm) Classification based on percent pod area infection
      L W L W HR R MR MS S
      1 AMAZ 12 20.5 26.9 6.3 10.2 13.04%
      2 VB 514 23.2 24.2 7.1 7.2 8.83%
      3 AMAZ 5/25 23.6 30.1 6.6 8.3 7.70%
      4 NA 804 21.5 24.9 6.1 7.3 8.40%
      5 GU 249/H 16.6 24.5 1.1 1 0.20%
      6 NA 33 17.4 23 5.7 5.3 7.40%
      7 NA 702 22.5 28.9 2.6 2.3 0.90%
      8 GU 183/G 19.7 25.5 4.6 6.6 6.10%
      9 GU 269/V 22.4 20.1 4.4 4.1 4.00%
      10 ICS 100 18.7 26.1 8.2 9.6 15.90%
      11 LAF 1 17.3 24.5 12.3 17 49.10%
      12 CHUNDALE 19.3 26 15.5 20.3 62.70%
      13 PNG 290 21.5 26.8 13.8 12.2 29.09%
      14 PNG 299 17.7 27.2 13.9 20.2 58.60%
      15 1MC 105 18.3 23.6 13.3 15.5 47.84%
      16 PA 70 21.7 27.3 7.9 11.1 14.80%
      17 GU 125C 18.3 24.6 11.5 9.6 24.26%
      18 GU 226/V 20.2 23.9 0 0 0.00
      19 WA 40 15.4 23.8 11.3 15.7 49.10%
      20 SPA 9 19.3 23.2 8.2 9.7 17.90%
      21 TSA 792 21.3 25.4 13.1 13.3 36.30%
      22 GU 195/V 17.3 26.5 10 7.4 15.20%
      23 SNK 413 16.6 23.2 11.4 9.1 27.20%
      24 LCTEEN 162-1010 20.1 28.2 8.6 10.4 15.60%
      Highly resistant (HR), Resistant(R), Moderately resistant (MR), Moderately susceptible (MS), Susceptible (S), Length (L), Width (W).

      Table 3. 

      Classification of exotic genotypes based on percent pod area infection by the non-pricking method.

    • Genotypes Resistance category Characteristics
      AMAZ 12 Highly resistant PS − Criollo, BC − Dark purple, PW − 313 g, RT − 1.13 cm, BpP − 17, SDBW − 1.0 g, Yd − 0.3 Kg,
      PP − 10.32%, HPP − 4.58, Fat − 52.24%, Ca − 320.15 mg/100 g, W − 2.48 mg
      VB 514 Highly resistant PS − Cundeamore, BC − Mixed, PW − 260 g, RT − 1.28cm, BpP − 19, SDBW − 1.0 g, Yd − 0.2 Kg,
      PP − 11.75%, HPP − 4.5, Fat 51.16%, Ca − 310.84 mg/100 g, W − 2.36 mg
      AMAZ 5/25 Highly resistant PS − Amelonado, BC − Dark purple, PW − 312 g, RT − 1.12, BpP − 32, SDBW − 0.9 g, Yd − 0.5 Kg,
      PP − 10.79%, HPP − 4.27%, Fat − 53%, Ca − 311.65 mg/100 g, W − 2.49 mg
      NA 804 Highly resistant PS − Cundeamore, BC − Dark purple, PW − 290 g, RT − 0.94 cm, BpP − 45, SDBW − 0.9 g, Yd − 0.6 Kg, PP − 11.52%, HPP − 3.64%, Fat − 55%, Ca − 308.15 mg/100 g, W − 2.52 mg
      GU 249/H Highly resistant PS − Angoleta, BC − Light purple, PW − 466g, RT − 1.48 cm, BpP − 28.9, SDBW − 1.1 g, Yd − 1.1 Kg,
      PP − 9.49 %, HPP − 3.57%, Fat − 49.66%, Ca − 312.58 mg/100 g, W − 2.32 mg
      NA 33 Highly resistant PS − Angoleta, BC − Dark purple, PW − 515g, RT − 1.4cm, BpP − 50, SDBW − 1.2g, Yd − 2.4 Kg,
      PP − 10.64%, HPP − 3.48, Fat − 48%, Ca − 298.75 mg/100 g, W − 2.8 mg
      NA 702 Highly resistant PS − Criollo, BC − Dark purple, PW − 440 g, RT − 1.04 cm, BpP − 54.2, SDBW − 1 g, Yd − 2.4 Kg,
      PP − 10.96%, HPP – 3.25, Fat − 45%, Ca − 284.69 mg/100 g, W − 2.41 mg
      GU 183/G Highly resistant PS − Angoleta, BC − Dark purple, PW − 475 g, RT − 1.6 cm, BpP − 35, SDBW − 0.9 g, Yd − 1.2 Kg,
      PP − 11.82%, HPP – 2.54%, Fat − 47%, Ca − 283.42 mg/100 g, W − 2.54 mg
      GU 269/V Highly resistant PS − Angoleta, BC − Dark purple, PW − 460 g, RT − 1.54 cm, BpP − 31.8, SDBW − 1 g, Yd − 1.3 Kg,
      PP − 13.92%, HPP − 3.58%, Fat − 49%, Ca − 292.79 mg/100 g, W − 1.32 mg
      ICS 100 Resistant PS − Angoleta, BC − Medium purple, PW − 506g, RT − 1.46 cm, BpP − 32.33, SDBW − 1.2 g, Yd − 1.5 Kg, PP − 6.89 %, HPP − 2.64%, Fat − 44.66%,Ca − 241.46 mg/100 g, W − 2.24 mg
      LAF 1 Moderately resistant PS − Criollo, BC − Dark purple, PW − 470 g, RT − 1.42 cm, BpP − 35.2, SDBW − 1.1 g, Yd − 2.4 Kg,
      PP − 6.65%, HPP − 2.08%, Fat − 45.33%, Ca − 206.58 mg/100 g, W − 1.82 mg
      CHUNDALE Moderately susceptible PS − Criollo, BC − Light purple, PW − 544g, RT − 1.12 cm, BpP − 45.4, SDBW − 1.2 g, Yd − 2.1Kg,
      PP − 7.70%, HPP − 1.17%, Fat − 53%, Ca − 207.56 mg/100 g, W − 1.35 mg
      PNG 290 Moderately resistant PS − Angoleta, BC − Dark purple, PW − 604 g, RT − 1.4 cm, BpP − 38, SDBW − 0.8 g, Yd − 1.3 Kg,
      PP − 3.98%, HPP − 1.38%, Fat − 44.3%, Ca − 203.25 mg/100 g, W − 1.4mg
      PNG 299 Moderately susceptible PS − Angoleta, BC − Dark purple, PW − 630g, RT − 1.65 cm, BpP − 44, SDBW − 1.2 g, Yd − 1.5 Kg,
      PP − 4.27%, HPP − 4.42%, Fat − 43 %, Ca − 226.87 mg/100g, W − 2.51mg
      1MC 105 Moderately resistant PS − Cundeamore, BC − Light purple, PW − 350 g, RT − 1.1 cm, BpP − 49, SDBW − 0.9 g, Yd − 1.4 Kg, PP − 3.19%, HPP − 2.34%, Fat − 39.66%, Ca − 215.56 mg/100 g, W − 1.65 mg
      PA 70 Highly resistant PS − Angoleta, BC − Light purple, PW − 454 g, RT − 1.48 cm, BpP − 48, SDBW − 1.1 g, Yd − 1.8 Kg,
      PP − 11.27%, HPP − 4.55%, Fat − 40.6%, Ca − 292.31 mg/100 g, W − 2.48 mg
      GU 125C Resistant PS − Angoleta, BC − Dark purple, PW − 360 g, RT − 1.6 cm, BpP − 29, SDBW − 0.7 g, Yd − 0.9kg,
      PP − 7.17%, HPP − 1.54, Fat − 52%, Ca − 279.46 mg/100 g, W − 1.5 mg
      GU 226/V Highly resistant PS − Calabacillo, BC − Light purple, PW − 550 g, RT − 1.6 cm, BpP − 42, SDBW − 0.9 g, Yd − 0.7 Kg,
      PP − 12.02%, HPP − 1.05%, Fat − 53%, Ca − 324.24 mg/100 g, W − 2.6 mg
      WA 40 Moderately resistant PS − Cundeamore, BC − Light purple, PW − 540 g, RT − 1.64 cm, BpP − 38, SDBW − 0.9 g, Yd − 1.2 Kg, PP − 4.21 %, HPP − 2.11%, Fat − 41.66 %, Ca − 236.25 mg/100g, W − 0.95 mg
      SPA 9 Resistant PS − Angoleta, BC − Dark purple, PW − 272 g, RT − 0.76, BpP − 31.6, SDBW − 0.7 g, Yd − 0.4 Kg,
      PP − 9.08%, HPP − 2.73%, Fat − 46.0%, Ca − 265.32 mg/100 g, W − 1.45 mg
      TSA 792 Moderately resistant PS − Angolata, BC − Mixed, PW − 360 g, RT − 1.1 cm, BpP − 53, SDBW − 0.9 g, Yd − 2.4 Kg,
      PP − 5.18%, HPP − 1.24, Fat − 42.33%, Ca − 232.48 mg/100 g, W − 1.45 mg
      GU 195/V Resistant PS − Amelonado, BC − Dark purple, PW − 312 g, RT − 1.12 cm, BpP − 27.8, SDBW − 0.8 g, Yd − 0.5 Kg, PP − 9.35%, HPP − 3.61%, Fat − 45%, Ca − 259.16 mg/100, W − 2.4 mg
      SNK 413 Moderately resistant PS − Angolata, BC − Mixed, PW − 254 g, RT − 1.34 cm, BpP − 44, SDBW − 0.7 g, Yd − 0.2 Kg,
      PP − 0.66%, HPP − 1.86%, Fat − 41.0%, Ca − 235.64 mg/100 g, W − 1.4 mg
      LCTEEN 162-1010 Resistant PS − Angolata, BC − Dark purple, PW − 508 g, RT − 1.28 cm, BpP − 35.4, SDBW − 1.5 g, Yd − 2.5 kg,
      PP − 5.62%, HPP − 3.63%, Fat − 51%, Ca − 220.25 mg/100 g, W − 2.1 mg
      Pod shape (PS), Bean color (BC), Pod weight (PW), Ridge thickness (RT), No. of beans/pod (BpP), Single dry bean weight (SDBW), Yield (Yd) (Total dry bean weight/pod/year), Polyphenol content (PP), Husk Polyphenol content (HPP), Fat content (Fat), Calcium content (Ca), Wax (W).

      Table 4. 

      Characterization of exotic genotypes.

    • Variables Coefficient Standard error Wald Significance Exp (B) Expected percentage of improvement overpopulation
      Fat** −0.455 0.441 1.067 0.302 1.577
      Polyphenol** −0.697 0.812 1.464 0.226 0.374
      Wax** −0.530 2.685 0.065 0.799 1.983
      Husk polyphenol** −0.388 1.265 5.209 0.022 0.056 5.3
      Calcium** −0.806 0.089 1.934 0.164 0.884
      Constant 29.43 13.719 4.562 0.03
      ** Significance value less than 0.03.

      Table 5. 

      Logistic estimate of quantitative phenes influencing black pod infection.

    • Variables Coefficient Standard error Wald Significance Exp (B) Expected percentage of improvement overpopulation
      Pod base** 0.518 0.838 0.244 0.62 0.661
      Rugosity** 0.839 0.593 8.119 0.004 5.422 84.42
      Constant −0.877 0.346 6.435 0.01 0.416
      ** Significance value less than 0.01.

      Table 6. 

      Logistic estimate of qualitative phenes influencing black pod infection.

    • Classes Genotypes Score
      for fat content      		 Score for
      polyphenol
      content      		 Score for
      wax content
      in the husk      		 Score for husk
      polyphenol
      content      		 Score for
      calcium
      content      		 Score for
      pod basal
      constriction      		 Score
      for pod
      rugosity      		 Total score Class of yield Rank
      Highly resistant AMAZ 12 3 10 9 1 2 0 0 25 Low yielder 2
      VB 514 5 4 12 3 5 0 0 29 Low yielder 4
      AMAZ 5/25 2 8 8 5 4 0 0 27 Low yielder 3
      NA 804 1 5 6 6 6 0 0 24 Low yielder 1
      GU249/H 7 11 13 9 3 0 0 43 Moderate yielder 8
      NA 33 9 9 2 10 7 1 0 38 High yielder 6
      NA 702 13 7 10 11 10 0 0 51 High yielder 11
      GU183/G 10 3 5 14 11 0 1 44 Moderate yielder 9
      GU 269/V 8 1 21 8 8 0 0 46 Moderate yielder 10
      PA 70 20 6 3 2 9 0 0 40 Moderate yielder 7
      GU226/V 2 2 4 24 1 0 0 33 Low yielder 5
      Resistant ICS 100 14 16 14 13 15 0 0 72 Moderate yielder 16
      GU125C 4 15 17 19 12 0 3 70 Low yielder 15
      SPA 9 11 13 18 12 13 0 0 67 Low yielder 13
      GU195/V 13 12 11 7 14 0 1 58 Low yielder 12
      LCTEEN 16-1010 6 18 1 20 24 2 3 74 High yielder 17
      Moderately resistant LAF 1 12 17 15 17 22 1 7 91 High yielder 19
      PNG 290 15 22 19 21 23 0 0 100 Moderate yielder 21
      IMC 105 21 23 16 15 20 3 3 101 Moderate yielder 22
      WA40 18 21 22 16 16 1 7 101 Moderate yielder 22
      TSA 792 17 19 18 22 18 0 5 99 Moderate yielder 20
      SNK 413 19 24 19 18 17 0 3 100 Low yielder 21
      Moderately susceptible CHUNDALE 2 14 20 23 21 2 7 89 High yielder 18
      PNG 299 16 20 7 4 19 0 3 69 Moderate yielder 14

      Table 7. 

      Genetic stock for black pod resistance breeding in cocoa.