Figures (5)  Tables (2)

    • Figure 1. 

      (a) Categorical all metabolite statistics. (b) Categorical metabolite statistics for SF & WF. (c) All metabolites for hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). (d) The relative content of classified metabolites for SF & WF.

    • Figure 2. 

      (a) Principal component analysis (PCA). (b) Grouped principal component analysis explanation rate plot. (c) Sample hierarchical clustering tree.

    • Figure 3. 

      (a) Volcanic plot of differential volatile compounds. (b) Bar chart of the number of volatile compounds classified for up-regulation & down-regulation. (c) Scatter plot of differential volatile compounds. (d) Bar chart of the top 20 differential volatile compounds.

    • Figure 4. 

      The classification of the KEGG enrichment pathway. (a) KEGG enrichment analysis of differential volatile compounds. (b) KEGG annotations and enrichment of differential volatile compounds for SF_vs_WF comparison.

    • Figure 5. 

      (a) Radar map for analysis of differential metabolite sensory flavor characteristics. (b) Sankey diagram of flavor omics.

    • Meteorological data Summer Winter
      Phenology 1 Mar−15 Jul 15 Aug−31 Dec
      Active T (°C) 3,393.53 3,149.98
      Effective T (°C) 2,023.53 1,769.98
      Average daily temperature (°C) 24.78 21.92
      High temperature (> 35 °C) (°C) 83.33 127.17
      Relative humidity (%) 86.94 80.78
      Solar radiation Intensity (W/m2) 93.86 108.65
      Cumulative solar radiation (W/m2) 3,703,264.3 3,805,233.3

      Table 1. 

      Phenology and climatic factors during the two crop-growing seasons in Nanning (China) in 2022.

    • Formula Compounds KEGG_pathway Class Odor SF vs WF
      C10H18O L-α-Terpineol Metabolic pathways, Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, Monoterpenoid biosynthesis Terpenoids Lilac, floral, terpenic Down
      C7H6O BenzAldehyde Metabolic pathways Aldehyde Sweet, bitter, almond, cherry Down
      C8H8O BenzAldehyde, 2-methyl- Metabolic pathways Aldehyde Mild floral, sweet Down
      C10H18O Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-ol,
      2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-, (1α,2β,5α)-      		 Metabolic pathways, Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, Monoterpenoid biosynthesis Terpenoids Balsam Down
      C15H24 Naphthalene, 1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-, (1S-cis)- Metabolic pathways, Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis Terpenoids Thyme, herbal, woody, dry Up
      C7H6O2 2-hydroxy-BenzAldehyde Metabolic pathways Aldehyde Medical, spicy, cinmon, wintergreen, cooling Down
      C8H14O2 3-Hexen-1-ol, acetate, (Z)- Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, α-Linolenic acid metabolism Ester Fresh, green, sweet, fruity, ba--, apple, grassy Down
      C15H24 α-Farnesene Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis Terpenoids Citrus, herbal, lavender, bergamot, myrrh, neroli, green Up
      C15H24 (E)-1-Methyl-4-(6-methylhept-5-
      en-2-ylidene)cyclohex-1-ene      		 Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis Terpenoids − Up
      C15H24O 2,6,10-Dodecatrienal,
      3,7,11-trimethyl-, (E,E)-      		 Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis Terpenoids − Down
      C15H24 (E)-β-Famesene Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis Terpenoids Woody, citrus, herbal, sweet Up
      C10H16O Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-methanol, 6,6-dimethyl- Limonene and pinene degradation Terpenoids Woody, minty Down
      C10H16O 3-Oxatricyclo[4.1.1.0(2,4)]octane, 2,7,7-trimethyl- Limonene and pinene degradation Terpenoids Green Down
      − indicates no annotation of substance.

      Table 2. 

      KEGG functional annotation and enrichment of differential volatile compounds between SF and WF.