Agronomic traits of seven accessions of <i>Cenchrus purpureus</i> under rainfed conditions in the tropical region of Veracruz, México

Armando Arrieta-González; Karla Lissette Silva-Martínez; Claudio Vite-Cristobal; Araceli Rodríguez-Andrade; Antonio Hernández-Beltrán; Belisario Domínguez-Mancera; Armando Arrieta-González; Karla Lissette Silva-Martínez; Claudio Vite-Cristobal; Araceli Rodríguez-Andrade; Antonio Hernández-Beltrán; Belisario Domínguez-Mancera

doi:10.48130/grares-0024-0022

Figures (2) Tables (7)

Figure 1.
Climogram of the study area. Data were obtained from July 2019 to June 2020.
Figure 2.
Grouping of Cenchrus purpureus accessions according to two main components: Factor 1. Agronomic characteristics and Factor 2. Yield parameters. Figures A and C represent dry season, while B and D represent rainy season.

Accession	Variable
Accession	ADLMR (kg/ha/day)	LSR	H (m)	HF (Days)
Elephant	202.44^ab	0.83^a	1.85^b	63.00^b
Merkeron	220.02^a	0.88^a	2.06^ab	62.50^b
Purple	200.72^ab	0.85^a	1.90^b	62.50^b
Taiwan	161.95^b	0.82^a	2.28^a	83.00^a
King grass	154.07^b	0.78^a	2.16^ab	83.00^a
CT-115	189.82^ab	0.58^b	2.05^ab	83.00^a
Maralfalfa	170.04^ab	0.70^ab	2.15^ab	83.00^a
s.e.	20.35	0.06	0.13	4.13
ADLMR: Accumulated dry leaf matter rate, LSR: Leaf:stem ratio, H: Height, HF: Harvest frequency, Means within columns followed by different letters differ by Fisher test at 5% probability.

Table 1.

Agronomic variables of seven Cenchrus purpureus accessions in the HAV in the rainy season.

Accession	Variables
Accession	ADLMR(kg/ha/day)	LSR	H (m)	HF (Days)
Elephant grass	228.51^a	0.93^b	1.94^a	79.00^e
Merkeron grass	108.84^bc	0.91^b	1.79^ab	104.50^a
Purple grass	198.68^a	1.22^a	1.70^b	98.00^ab
Taiwan	79.52^c	0.92^b	1.92^a	94.00^cb
King grass	110.97^bc	0.89^b	1.84^ab	85.50^cde
CT-115	91.02^c	0.86^b	1.72^b	84.00^de
Maralfalfa	187.45^ab	0.93^b	1.86^ab	92.50^bcd
s.e.	30.56	0.06	0.06	3.34
ADLMR: Accumulated dry leaf matter rate, LSR: Leaf:stem ratio, H: Height, HF: Harvest frequency. Means within columns followed by different letters differ by Fisher test at 5% probability.

Table 2.

Agronomic variables of seven Cenchrus purpureus accessions in the HAV on the dry season.

Accession	Variables
Accession	ADLMR (kg/ha/day)	LSR	H (m)	HF (Days)
Elephant grass	215.47^a	0.88^ab	1.89^a	71.0^b
Merkeron grass	164.42^ab	0.89^ab	1.92^a	83.5^ab
Purple grass	199.70^ab	1.03^a	1.80^a	80.2^ab
Taiwan	120.73^b	0.87^ab	2.09^a	88.5^a
King grass	132.51^b	0.83^b	2.00^a	84.2^ab
CT-115	140.42^ab	0.72^b	1.88^a	83.5^ab
Maralfalfa	178.74^ab	0.81^b	2.00^a	83.5^ab
Standard error	19.08	0.04	0.07	3.2
Season
Rainy	185.58^a	0.78^b	2.06^a	74.2^b
Dry	143.56^b	0.95^a	1.82^b	91.0^a
s.e.	10.20	0.02	0.37	1.7
ADLMR: Accumulated dry leaf matter rate, LSR: Leaf:stem ratio, H: Height, HF: Harvest frequency. Means within columns followed by different letters differ by Fisher test at 5% probability.

Table 3.

Annual analysis of agronomic variables in seven Cenchrus purpureus accessions in the HAV region.

Accession	Rainy season		Dry season		Annual
Accession	FW (t/ha)	DM (t/ha)	FW (t/ha)	DM (t/ha)	FW (t/ha)	DM (t/ha)	DM (%)
Elephant grass	261.31^a	54.39^a	155.18^abc	80.09^b	416.50^ab	134.49^a	34.1^a
Merkeron grass	269.78^a	55.60^a	179.11^a	46.71^a	448.89^ab	102.31^ab	24.2^b
Purple grass	264.66^a	61.65^ab	153.46^ab	69.30^b	418.13^ab	130.95^a	32.7^a
Taiwan	252.66^a	60.05^ab	104.96^c	29.21^a	357.62^a	89.27^b	27.5^ab
King grass	259.79^a	61.32^ab	156.66^ab	41.11^a	416.46^ab	102.44^ab	26.3^ab
CT-115	321.14^a	79.81^b	120.01^bc	32.20^a	441.16^ab	112.01^ab	27.2^ab
Maralfalfa	295.95^a	67.03^ab	190.57^a	67.37^b	486.52^b	134.41^a	30.0^ab
s.e.	25.08	7.22	13.77	6.05	32.62	11.23	2.84
FW: Fresh weight, DM: Dry matter. Means within columns followed by different letters differ by Fisher test at 5% probability.

Table 4.

Cumulative yields of fresh weight and dry matter per season and cumulative annual yield of seven accessions of Cenchrus purpureus in the HAV region.

Accession	Variable
Accession	FW (t/ha)	DM (t/ha)
Elephant grass	208.25^ab	67.24^a
Merkeron grass	224.44^a	51.15^ab
Purple grass	209.06^ab	65.47^a
Taiwan	178.81^b	44.63^b
King grass	208.23^ab	51.22^ab
CT-115	220.58^ab	56.00^ab
Maralfalfa	243.26^a	67.20^a
s.e.	15.01	6.19
Season
Rainy	275.04^a	62.84^a
Dry	151.42^b	52.28^b
s.e.	8.02	3.31
FW: Fresh weight; DM: Dry matter. Means within columns followed by different letters differ by Fisher test at 5% probability.

Table 5.

Average annual yields per cut of fresh weight and dry matter of seven Cenchrus purpureus accessions in the HAV region.

Variable	r	r²	α	s.e. (a)	P value (a)	β	s.e. (b)	P value (b)
DM
H	0.192	0.037	12.826	6.743	0.059	8.218	3.580	0.023
LSR	0.262	0.069	44.658	5.333	0.001	-19.545	6.116	0.002
DLMAR	0.884	0.782	3.967	1.227	0.002	0.153	0.007	0.001
FW	0.147	0.022	26.466	1.525	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.083
ADLMR: Accumulated dry leaf matter rate, LSR: Leaf:stem ratio, H: Height, FW: Fresh weight, r²: Determination coefficient, a: intercept, b: slope, p: P-value.

Table 6.

Correlation analysis between the DM and the agronomic variables of seven Cenchrus purpureus accessions grown in the HAV.

Variable Y =	α +	β₁ +	β₂ +	β₃ +	β₄ +	c	r	r²adjusted	p	MSE	Method
FW	−27.2	0.10	−33.01	2.12	3.15	34.68	0.73	0.52	0.01	1202.92	F
p value	0.84	0.10	0.01	0.01	0.01	34.68	0.73	0.52	0.01	1202.92	F
DM	11.08	−	−1.50	0.15	−	14.33	0.22	0.03	0.02	205.45	F
p value	0.50	−	0.29	0.06	−	14.33	0.22	0.03	0.02	205.45	F
H	3.64	0.00	−0.28	0.01	−	0.24	0.70	0.48	0.01	0.06	F
p value	0.01	0.17	0.01	0.01	−	0.24	0.70	0.48	0.01	0.06	F
LSR	2.90	−	−	−0.01	−0.01	0.16	0.53	0.28	0.01	0.02	B
p value	0.01	−	−	0.01	0.01	0.16	0.53	0.28	0.01	0.02	B
ADLMR	80.19	−	−16.99	1.45	−	80.36	0.32	0.08	0.01	6458.51	F
p value	0.39	−	0.036	0.01	−	80.36	0.32	0.08	0.01	6458.51	F
Y model = α + β₁X₁ + β₂X₂ + β₃X₃ + β₄X₄ + c; α: Intercept; β1…4: Slope factor; X₁: Accumulated precipitation (mm); X₂: Average temperature (°C); X₃: Global radiation (W/m²); X₄: relative humidity (%); c: Estimate error, FW: Fresh weight, DM: dry matter, r²adjusted: adjusted correlation coefficient, p: probability value, MSE: Mean Square Error , F: forward method, B: backward method. (-): variable not included in the model.

Table 7.

Multiple linear regression models of the agronomic variables of seven Cenchrus purpureus accessions, associated with climatological variables of the HAV.