Figures (3)  Tables (1)

    • Figure 1. 

      Study design and flow diagram of the randomized, controlled clinical trial. RLRL = repeated low-level red-light. PDMSL = peripheral defocus modifying spectacle lenses.

    • Figure 2. 

      SER change compared with the initial time. SER = spherical equivalent refraction. D = diopter.

    • Figure 3. 

      AL change compared with the initial time. AL = axial length.

    • Characteristics RLRL (n = 13) PDMSL (n = 12) p value
      Age (years) 0.88
      Mean ± SD 10.54 ± 2.03 10.41 ± 1.78
      Median (IQR) 10.54 (8−14) 10.41 (8−13)
      Sex
      Male 9 (69.23%) 7 (58.33%) 0.88
      Female 4 (30.77%) 5 (41.67%)
      SER (D)
      Mean ± SD −5.36 ± 1.32 −4.73 ± 1.08 0.07
      Median (IQR) −5.50 (−4.25 to −6.50) −4.50 (−4.31 to −5.00)
      AL (mm)
      Mean ± SD 25.74 ± 0.88 25.59 ± 0.91 0.55
      Median (IQR) 25.58 (25.14 to 26.03) 25.53 (24.78 to 26.27)
      All patients were randomly assigned. Al = axial length; D = dipoter; IQR = interquartile range; SD = standard deviation; SER = spherical equivalent refraction.

      Table 1. 

      Baseline characteristics of study participants.