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Figure 1. 

Sampling points of S. portulacastrum.

Figure 2. 

Morphological characteristics of root EF isolated from S. portulacastrum. The endophytic fungal isolates were cultured on a PDA medium for 7 d and photographed. The numbers correspond to the different fungal species.

Figure 3. 

Similarity index of EF from different sampling points. The values in the square box represent the similarity index of EF between two sites. Red and blue represent high and low similarity indices, respectively.

Figure 4. 

Relative distribution frequency of culturable root EF. (a) RF of root EF at the family level. (b) RF of root EF at the genus level.

Figure 5. 

RF of EF at the genus level from different sampling points. (a)−(t) Represent 20 sampling points.

Figure 6. 

Relative distribution frequency of EF in different regions. (a) Distribution frequency of S. portulacastrum root EF at the genus level in the eastern region of Hainan Island. (b) Distribution frequency of S. portulacastrum root EF at the genus level in the western region of Hainan Island. (c) Distribution frequency of S. portulacastrum root EF at the genus level in the southern region of Hainan Island. (d) Distribution frequency of S. portulacastrum root EF at the genus level in the northern region of Hainan Island.

Figure 7. 

Screening of salt-tolerant (capable of tolerating 0.75 M NaCl) EF. (a) Phenotypes of eight highly salt-tolerant EF on PDA plates with different salt concentrations. (b) Growth diameter of eight EF strains shown in (a) within 7 d.

Figure 8. 

Salt-tolerant strain LG-BZ-9 enhances salt tolerance in maize seedlings. (a) Phenotypes of maize seedlings in pots under different treatments. (b) Photographs of maize seedlings under different treatments. (c) Fresh weight of maize seedlings under different treatments. (d) Plant height of maize seedlings under different treatments. (e) Leaf chlorophyll content of maize seedlings under different treatments. Control: untreated; LG-BZ-9: maize seedlings treated with LG-BZ-9 suspension by root irrigation; NaCl: maize seedlings treated with 250 mM NaCl; NaCl + LG-BZ-9: maize seedlings treated with salt solution containing LG-BZ-9.

Figure 9. 

Ion concentrations in maize seedlings under different treatments. (a) K⁺ content in the roots of maize. (b) Na⁺ content in the roots of maize. (c) K⁺/Na⁺ ratio in the roots of maize. (d) K⁺ content in maize shoots. (e) Na⁺ content in maize shoots. (f) K⁺/Na⁺ ratio in maize shoots.