Figures (4)  Tables (5)

    • Figure 1. 

      Viral diseases detection results of 21 samples. Black boxes signify the detection of viral diseases, whereas the white boxes indicate none.

    • Figure 2. 

      The genotyping results of some germplasms obtained by molecular markers. (a) Marker PMFR11283. (b) InDel-2-134 marker. (c) Marker PVY-CAPS. (d) Marker L4-SCAR. (e) Marker Chr-lcv-7. M: DNA marker; CK: negative control. The red line indicates a homozygous genotype for resistance to disease, while the blue line indicates a heterozygous genotype for resistance to disease. The green lines represent the disease-resistant genotypes indicated by dominant markers.

    • Figure 3. 

      Artificial inoculation of germplasm accessions resistant to TMV and CMV in peppers. (a) Phenotypes of plants inoculated with TMV for 25 d. (b) Phenotypes of plants inoculated with CMV for 25 d.

    • Figure 4. 

      Statistics of the number of five virus-resistant germplasms.

    • Virus Forward sequence (5'–3') Reverse sequence (5'–3') Fragment size
      (bp)      		 Annealing
      temperature (°C)      		 Ref.
      CMV TCTCATGGATGCTTCTCCGCG CCGTAAGCTGGATGGACAACC 760 55 [32]
      ChiVMV AAGATATGGGCTTCAAGAAACCTTACCG CCTACCCTACCGTCCAGTCCGAACATCCT 174 58 [33]
      ChiRSV ATGAACTGTACGCCGAAGGG AGTCCGATCGCCTATGAGGA 897 53 [34]
      TMV GTTCTTGTCATCTGCGTGGG GCTCTCGAAAGAGCTCCGAT 406 55 [34]
      TSWV TCACTGTAATGTTCCATAGCAA AGAGCAATYGTGTCAATTTTATTC 861 52 [32]
      ToMV GTTTCATTGTGCTGTTGAGTAC AGAAGTACCCATATTGCTTCTTG 362 57 [35]
      ToMMV ATGTCTTDCGCTATTACTTCTCCG CTCTGGTTGTAGAAACCTGTT 480 56 [35]
      PVY GGCATACGGACATAGGAGAAACT CTCTTTGTGTTCTCCTCTTGTGT 447 57 [36]
      PMMoV ATGGCTTACACAGTTTCC TTAAGGAGTTGTAGCCCAG 474 57 [37]
      BBWV2 AGTTATATGCTTGGGCAAGCGCATG CATGAACATTCCCCATCTCCACGTG 490 57 [32]

      Table 1. 

      Primers for identification of 10 viruses.

    • Virus Marker ID Forward primer (5'–3') Reverse primer (5'–3') Ref.
      TMV PMFR11283 CTGCAGAACAACAATGGCACG GGACTGCAGAGGAGGAAGC [23]
      CMV InDel-2-134 TGCTTCAGTTGAGTTGTCCA TAAATCCCCTTGTGGTGGCT [29]
      PVY PVY-CAPS CGAAGAGAGAAGGTC TCAGGGTAGGTTATT [24]
      PMMoV L4-SCAR ATCGATGCACCCCTCGTTTTAATC GAGCAGTGTGGAGTGTCTATTGCTCA [30]
      PepYLCV Chr-lcv-7 CTGATAACTGACAGTTTAGATAGGAATTGG CAACTCAGTCTATAACCGGTGTATG [31]

      Table 2. 

      Marker information for identification of resistance to virus disease in pepper germplasm.

    • Resistance Disease index (DI)
      Immune (I) DI is 0
      Highly resistant (HR) DI is greater than 0 and less than 10
      Resistant (R) DI is greater than or equal to 10 and less than 20
      Moderately resistant (MR) DI is greater than or equal to 20 and less than 40
      Susceptible (S) DI is greater than or equal to 40 and less than 60
      Highly susceptible (HS) DI is greater than or equal to 60 and less than or equal to 100

      Table 3. 

      Evaluation criteria of resistance to TMV and CMV in pepper.

    • TMV (PMFR11283)CMV (InDel-2-134)PVY (PVY-CAPS)PMMoV (L4-SCAR)PepYLCV (Chr-lcv-7)
      A98, SP14, SP16, SP18, SP21, SP27, SP39, SP41, SP44,
      SP45, SP46, SP48, SP55,
      SP56, SP57, SP64, SP108, SP113, Suxuan 1,
      Shenglong 4      		A33, SP34, SP35, SP37, SP42, SP68, SP70, SP71, SP72, SP79A43, A45, A83, A88, SP14, SP16, SP19, SP21, SP36, SP37, SP38, SP41, SP44, SP45, SP46, SP47, SP48, SP50, SP51, SP53, SP54, SP55, SP56, SP62, SP64, SP65, SP66, SP93, SP94, SP96, SP97, SP108, SP113A70, A78, SP14, SP16, SP21, SP40, SP48, SP55, SP56,
      SP57, SP64, SP71, M4,
      Suxuan 1      		A4, A22, A80, A89, A92, A97, SP35, SP51, SP90, SP106, SP108, R3, R8, R10, R11

      Table 4. 

      Statistics of germplasm accessions with resistance to viral diseases in pepper.

    • CategoryPatternGermplasm accessions
      SingleTMVA98, SP18, SP27, SP39, Shenglong 4
      CMVA33, SP34, SP42, SP68, SP70, SP72, SP79
      PVYA43, A45, A83, A88, SP19, SP36, SP38, SP47, SP50, SP53, SP54, SP62, SP65, SP66, SP93, SP94, SP96, SP97
      PMMoVA70, A78, M4, SP40
      PepYLCVA4, A22, A80, A89, A92, A97, R10, R11, R3, R8, SP106, SP90
      DoubleTMV + PMMoVSP57, Suxuan 1
      TMV + PVYSP41, SP44, SP45, SP46, SP113
      PVY + PepYLCVSP51
      CMV + PepYLCVSP35
      CMV + PMMoVSP71
      CMV + PVYSP37
      TripleTMV + PVY + PepYLCVSP108
      TMV + PVY + PMMoVSP14, SP16, SP21, SP48, SP55, SP56, SP64

      Table 5. 

      Statistics on pepper germplasm accessions resistant to viral diseases.