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Figure 1.
Number of occurrences of Colletotrichum species reports in the Philippines.
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Figure 2.
Species richness of recorded Colletotrichum species across different plant families in the Philippines.
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Species
complexCurrent species name Host plant Associated disease Acutatum C. acutatum
sensu latoCapsicum spp. Anthracnose Annona muricata Fruit deterioration C. nymphaeae Solanum lycopersicon Anthracnose C. scovillei Capsicum sp. Anthracnose Agaves C. agaves Agave cantuta Anthracnose Boninense C. heveae Hevea brasiliensis Leaf disease Dematium C. circinans Allium cepa Smudge C. dematium Capsicum spp. Anthracnose Arachis hypogaea Anthracnose Zea mays Seedborne rot Hibiscus esculentus Anthracnose Gloeosporioides C. asianum Mangifera indica Anthacnose C. fructicola Selenicereus spp. Anthracnose Diospyrus kaki Anthracnose Mangifera indica Anthracnose C. gloeosporioides sensu lato Alchornea rugosa − Alstonia scholaris − Hevea brasiliensis − Annona muricata Fruit deterioration Canavalia ensiformis Anthracnose Citrus maxima − Citrus sinensis − Stylosanthes spp. Anthracnose Bixa orellana Anthracnose Gerbera jamesonii Anthracnose Persea americana Anthracnose Begonia spp. Anthracnose Anthurium spp. Anthracnose Anthurium spp. Spadix rot Pachyrrhizos angulatus Leafspot Codiaeum variegatum Anthracnose Dieffenbachia spp. Anthracnose Eugenia jambolana Fruit disease Vitis vinifera Anthracnose Vitis vinifera Anthracnose Psidium guajava Anthracnose Psidium guajava Anthracnose Lansium domesticum Leafspot Dioscorea hispida Leafspot Nephelium lappaceum Leaf blight Jasminum sambac Anthracnose Schefflera odorata Leaf blight Solanum lycopersicon Leafspot Dioscorea alata Leaf blight Chloropython elatum Anthracnose Episcia cupreata Anthracnose Dracaena fragrans Anthracnose Euphorbia heterophylla Leafspot Euphorbia hirta Leafspot Sweitenia spp. Blight Capsicum spp. Anthracnose Philodendron spp. Anthracnose Hevea brasiliensis Anthracnose Hevea brasiliensis Secondary leaf fall Solanum tuberosum Leafspot Various orchid species Anthracnose Various orchid species Anthracnose Carica papaya Anthracnose Carica papaya Fruit rot Carica papaya Fruit spot Carica papaya Petiole browning Agathis spp. Seedling dieback Basella Rubra Leafspot/
AnthracnoseBasella Rubra Leafspot/
AnthracnoseTheobromae cacao Cherelle wilt Anacardium occidentale Anthracnose Chrysanthemum spp. Anthracnose Mangifera indica Anthracnose Mangifera indica Wither tip Mangifera indica Wither tip Mangifera indica Wither tip Mangifera indica Wither tip Mangifera indica Wither tip Mangifera indica Wither tip Mangifera indica Wither tip Mangifera indica Wither tip Lantana camara Leafspot Polyaltha longifolia Leaf blight Vitis vinifera − C. musae Capsicum spp. Anthracnose Musa spp. Anthracnose Musa spp. Fingertip rot Musa spp. Fingertip rot Musa spp. Fingertip rot Musa spp. Fingertip rot Musa spp. Fingertip rot Musa spp. Fingertip rot Musa spp. Crown rot Musa spp. Crown rot Musa sp. Anthracnose C. siamense Nephelium lappaceum Leaf spot Allium cepa Anthracnose C. theobromicola Mangifera indica Anthracnose C. tropicale Selenicereus monacanthus Anthracnose Mangifera indica Anthracnose Nephelium lappaceum Leaf spot Graminicola-Caudatum C. falcatum Sorghum halapense Red rot Sorghum bicolor Red rot Saccharum officinarum Red rot Saccharum officinarum Red rot Saccharum officinarum Red rot Saccharum officinarum Red rot Saccharum officinarum Red rot Saccharum officinarum Red rot Saccharum officinarum Red rot Saccharum officinarum Red rot Saccharum officinarum Red rot C. graminicola Leucaena leucocephala Seedborne rot Leucaena leucocephala Seedborne rot Zea mays Seedborne rot Zea mays Storage rot Zea mays Anthracnose Zea mays Anthracnose Zea mays Anthracnose Sorghum bicolor Anthracnose Sorghum bicolor Red leafspot Sorghum bicolor Red leafspot Sorghum arundinaceaum − Sorghum hakapense Anthracnose C. gossypii Gossypium hirsutum Anthracnose Gossypium hirsutum Pink boll rot Gossypium hirsutum Seedling blight Gossypium hirsutum Seedling blight Gossypium hirsutum Seedling blight Gossypium hirsutum Seedling blight Gossypium hirsutum Seedling blight Magnum C. brevisporum Carica papaya Anthracnose Orbiculare C. lindemuthianum Phaseolus spp. Anthracnose Vigna radiata Anthracnose Hibiscus esculentus Anthracnose Stylosanthes guyanensis Leafspot Phaseolus lunatus Anthracnose Phaseolus lunatus Anthracnose Phaseolus lunatus Anthracnose Vigna spp. Anthracnose Phaseolus vulgaris Anthracnose Phaseolus vulgaris Anthracnose Phaseolus vulgaris Anthracnose Phaseolus vulgaris Anthracnose Psophocarpus tetragonolobus Anthracnose Ricinus communis Anthracnose Vigna spp. Anthracnose Orchidearum C. orchidearum Cymbidium sp. − Dendrochilum sp − Eria ornata − Pholidota imbricata − Rhynchostylis sp. − Truncatum C. truncatum Capsicum spp. Anthracnose Azadirachta indica Seedling Medicago sativa Anthracnose Trifolium pratense Anthracnose Vicia villosa Anthracnose Capsicum sp. Anthracnose Carica papaya Anthracnose Phaseolus lunatus Anthracnose Lotus purshianus. Anthracnose Melilotus alba Anthracnose Vigna spp. Seedborne rot Leucaena leucocephala − Pterocarpus indicus − Source: Tangonan[97] and new reports. (−) not indicated. Table 1.
Colletotrichum species associated with plant diseases in the Philippines.
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Colletotrichum species Host plant Associated with Ref. C. pithecellobii Roldan Pithecolobium dulce − [85] C. alstoniae (Sacc.) Petr. Alstonia scholaris Dead leaves [86] C. arecae Syd. & P. Syd Areca cathecu Anthracnose [87] C. bakeri (Syd. & P.Syd.) Mundk. Ricinus communis Dead stem and petioles [88] C. coffeanum F. Noack Coffea spp. Anthracnose [89] Berry blight [90] Brown blight [90] Dieack [90] C. conspicuum Syd. & P. Syd. Erythropalum scandens Living leaves [91] C. elmeri Syd Cyrtosperma merkusii Leaves [92] C. euchroum Syd. & P. Syd. Euphorbia neriifolia Leafspot [93] C. ficus Koord H. brasiliensis Anthracnose [34] C. gliricidiae Syd. & P. Syd. Gliricidia sepium Living leaves [91] C. lussoniense Manihot utilissima Dead branches [94] C. melongenae Av.-Saccá Solanum melongena Anthracnose [43] Fruit rot [95] C. merilli (Syd. & P. Syd.) Quimio Ricinus communis Stems [61] C. pandani Syd. & P. Syd. Pandanus veitchii − [93] Gloeosporium lebbek Syd. & P. Syd (Obligate synonym: C. lebbek) Albizia lebbeck − [86] C. crassipes Agave rigida − [96] C. sumbaviae Syd. & P. Syd. Sumbavia rottleroides Living leaves [57] Table 2.
Reported morphospecies of Colletotrichum from the Philippines.
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Colletotrichum species EPPO categorization EPPO code C. asianum No categorization COLLAS C. agaves No categorization GLOMCI C. alstoniae Not found in the database − C. arecae Not found in the database − C. bakeri Not found in the database − C. brevisporum No categorization COLLBV C. coccodes No categorization COLLCC C. coffeanum A12 list in Argenina (2019), and Paraguay (1992) COLLCO C. conspicuum Not found in the database − C. crassipes No categorization COLLKP C. dematium Regulated non-quarantine pest3 in Egypt (2018) COLLDE C. elmeri Not found in the database − C. euchroum Not found in the database − C. falcatum Quarantine Pest4 in Morocco (2018), and Mexico (2018) GLOMTU C. ficus Not found in the database − C. fructicola No categorization COLLFC C. gliricidiae Not found in the database − C. gossypii A1 list in Egypt (2018), Bahrain (2003), Iran (2018), Kazakhstan (2017), Uzbekistan (2008) Azerbaijan (2007), Turkey (2016), quarantine pest in Morocco (2018), Israel (2009), and Belarus (1994) GLOMGO C. graminicola Regulated non-quarantine pest in Egypt (2018), A1 list in Bahrain (2003), quarantine pest in Israel (2009) COLLGR C. heveae Not found in the database − C. lindemuthianum Regulated non-quarantine pest in Egypt (2018) COLLLD C. lussoniense Not found in the database − C. melongenae No categorization GLOMCI C. merilli Not found in the database − C. musae Regulated non-quarantine pest in Egypt (2018) COLLMU C. nigrum No categorization COLLNG C. nymphaeae No categorization COLLNY C. orchidearum No categorization COLLOR C. pithecellobii Not found in the database − C. pandani Not found in the database − C. siamense No categorization COLLSM C. sumbaviae Not found in the database − C. theobromicola No categorization COLLTH C. tropicale No categorization COLLTP C. truncatum Regulated non-quarantine pest in Egypt (2018), and A1 list in Chile (2019) COLLDU 1 Source: EPPO (2024) global database. https://gd.eppo.int [accessed September 24, 2024]. 2 A1 list—absent in the EPPO region. 3 RNQP – 'a non-quarantine pest whose presence in plants for planting affects the intended use of those plants with an economically unacceptable impact and which is therefore regulated within the territory of the importing contracting party'. IIPPC (1997). 4 Quarantine pest—quarantine pests are absent from an area or present but under official control (EPPO).Table 3.
Pest categorization of Colletotrichum species recorded in the Philippines based on the EPPO global database (2024)1
Figures
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Tables
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