Figures (1)  Tables (1)

    • Figure 1. 

      Synthetic microbial communities enhance the completeness and robustness of soil herbicide degradation.

    • Herbicide Consortium Scale Key performance Field relevance SRL Judgment basis (quantitative criteria) Ref.
      Atrazine Paenarthrobacter
      sp. AT-5 + native microbiome      		 Soil microcosm 95.9% removed of 5mg kg–1 atrazine with 7 d Controlled soil mesocosm validation 6 Reproducible mesocosm performance across soil histories [33]
      Atrazine Enriched 3 strain consortium Soil mesocosm 90% degradation in 6 d in pre-exposed soil; 15 d in soil without prior atrazine history
      		 Controlled soil mesocosm validation 6 Near-complete removal; performance reproducible across replicated systems [42]
      Atrazine Arthrobacter sp.
      strain AAC22      		 Soil column/
      mesocosm      		 Nearly 70% removal after 2 d and > 99% after 8 d; 70.2% leachate recovery in column study
      		 Demonstrated relevance to leaching and soil remediation 6–7 Effective bioaugmentation under soil and flow conditions [18]
      Metolachlor Penicillium oxalicum MET-F-1 + native microbiota Field plot 88.6% degradation of
      50 mg L–1 within 384 h
      under optimal laboratory conditions; 88.3% degradation on day 7 in
      field plot      		 Lower field residues vs control 7 Quantitative lab and field [43]
      Metolachlor Native microbial community Field soil cores Faster dissipation
      (non-sterile soil)      		 Confirms biodegradation in situ 7 Demonstrated biodegradation in non-sterile soil; control comparison available [44]
      Fomesafen Bacillus sp. FE-1 Soil microcosm > 82.9% degradation within 14 h in liquid medium at 0.5, 1 and 10 mg L–1 enhanced degradation observed in soil Soil applicability indicated; field data unavailable 5–6 Strong liquid-phase degradation with supporting soil evidence [29]
      SRL classification is based on system complexity, reproducibility, and ecological realism. SRL6 indicates stable performance in non-sterile soil microcosms (≥ 14–28 d), while SRL7 includes mesocosm or field validation.

      Table 1. 

      SynCom-mediated herbicide degradation across experimental scales with SRL classification and quantitative judgment criteria