| [1] |
Bhatt R, Singh P, Hossain A, Timsina J. 2021. Rice–wheat system in the northwest Indo-Gangetic plains of South Asia: issues and technological interventions for increasing productivity and sustainability. Paddy and Water Environment 19:345−65 doi: 10.1007/s10333-021-00846-7 |
| [2] |
Timsina J, Wolf J, Guilpart N, van Bussel LGJ, Grassini P, et al. 2018. Can Bangladesh produce enough cereals to meet future demand? Agricultural Systems 163:36−44 doi: 10.1016/j.agsy.2016.11.003 |
| [3] |
Ladha JK, Pathak H, Tirol-Padre A, Dawe D, Gupta RK. 2003. Productivity trends in intensive rice-wheat cropping systems in Asia. In Improving the productivity and sustainability of rice-wheat systems: Issues and impacts, ed.vLadha JK, Hill JE, Duxbury JM, Gupta RK. vol. 65. Madison: the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America. pp. 45–76. https://doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub65.c3 |
| [4] |
Chakrabarty M. 2016. Climate change and food security in India. Observer Research Foundation, ORF Issue Brief No. 157. New Delhi, India. pp. 1−12. https://orfonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ORF_IssueBrief_1571.pdf |
| [5] |
Yadav MR, Parihar CM, Jat SL, Singh AK, Kumar R, et al. 2017. Impact of legume intensified crop rotations and tillage practices on maize productivity vis-à-vis C and N dynamics of a sandy loam soil in north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Legume Research 40:1028−37 doi: 10.18805/lr-3838 |
| [6] |
Johansen C, Haque ME, Bell RW, Thierfelder C, Esdaile RJ. 2012. Conservation agriculture for small holder rainfed farming: Opportunities and constraints of new mechanized seeding systems. Field Crops Research 132:18−32 doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.026 |
| [7] |
Singh A, Kaur J. 2012. Impact of conservation tillage on soil properties in rice-wheat cropping system. Agricultural Science Research Journal 2(1):30−41 |
| [8] |
Bhattacharyya R, Kundu S, Pandey SC, Singh KP, Gupta HS. 2008. Tillage and irrigation effects on crop yields and soil properties under the rice–wheat system in the Indian Himalayas. Agricultural Water Management 95:993−1002 doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.03.007 |
| [9] |
Ringrose-Voase AJ, Kirby JM, Djoyowasito G, Sanidad WB, Serrano C, Lando TM. 2000. Changes to the physical properties of soils puddled for rice during drying. Soil and Tillage Research 56:83−104 doi: 10.1016/S0167-1987(00)00124-0 |
| [10] |
Mandal B, Majumder B, Adhya TK, Bandyopadhyay PK, Gangopadhyay A, et al. 2008. Potential of double-cropped rice ecology to conserve organic carbon under subtropical climate. Global Change Biology 14:2139−51 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01627.x |
| [11] |
Mandal B, Majumder B, Bandyopadhyay PK, Hazra GC, Gangopadhyay A, et al. 2007. The potential of cropping systems and soil amendments for carbon sequestration in soils under long-term experiments in subtropical India. Global Change Biology 13:357−69 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01309.x |
| [12] |
Kirchhof G, Tuong TP, So HB. 2011. Puddling: Effect on Soil Physical Properties and Crops. In Encyclopedia of Agrophysics, ed. J Gliński, J Horabik, J Lipiec: 667-8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. Number of 667-8 pp. |
| [13] |
Jat RK, Sapkota TB, Singh RG, Jat ML, Kumar M, Gupta RK. 2014. Seven years of conservation agriculture in a rice-wheat rotation of Eastern Gangetic Plains of South Asia: Yield trends and economic profitability. Field Crops Research 164:199−210 doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2014.04.015 |
| [14] |
Haque ME, Bell RW, Islam MA, Rahman MA. 2016. Minimum tillage unpuddled transplanting: An alternative crop establishment strategy for rice in conservation agriculture cropping systems. Field Crops Research 185:31−9 doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2015.10.018 |
| [15] |
Parihar CM, Jat SL, Singh AK, Kumar B, Yadvinder-Singh, et al. 2016. Conservation agriculture in irrigated intensive maize-based systems of north-western India: Effects on crop yields, water productivity and economic profitability. Field Crops Research 193:104−16 doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.03.013 |
| [16] |
Aggarwal GC, Sidhu AS, Sekhon NK, Sandhu KS, Sur HS. 1995. Puddling and N management effects on crop response in a rice-wheat cropping system. Soil and Tillage Research 36:129−39 doi: 10.1016/0167-1987(95)00504-8 |
| [17] |
Hobbs PR. 2001. Tillage and crop establishment in South Asian rice-wheat systems: Present practices and future options. Journal of Crop Production 4:1−22 doi: 10.1300/J144v04n01_01 |
| [18] |
Yadav MR, Parihar CM, Jat SL, Singh AK, Kumar R, et al. 2017. Long term effect of legume intensified crop rotations and tillage practices on productivity and profitability of maize vis-a-vis soil fertility in North-Western Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Legume Research 40:282−90 doi: 10.18805/lr.v0i0.7583 |
| [19] |
Ghosh PK, Venkatesh MS, Hazra KK, Kumar N. 2012. Long-term effect of pulses and nutrient management on soil organic carbon dynamics and sustainability on an inceptisol of indo-gangetic plains of India. Experimental Agriculture 48:473−87 doi: 10.1017/S0014479712000130 |
| [20] |
Nayak AK, Gangwar B, Shukla AK, Mazumdar SP, Kumar A, et al. 2012. Long-term effect of different integrated nutrient management on soil organic carbon and its fractions and sustainability of rice-wheat system in Indo Gangetic Plains of India. Field Crops Research 127:129−39 doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.011 |
| [21] |
Jat ML, Gathala MK, Saharawat YS, Tetarwal JP, Gupta R, et al. 2013. Double no-till and permanent raised beds in maize–wheat rotation of north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains of India: Effects on crop yields, water productivity, profitability and soil physical properties. Field Crops Research 149:291−99 doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.04.024 |
| [22] |
Gupta R, Seth A. 2007. A review of resource conserving technologies for sustainable management of the rice-wheat cropping systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). Crop Protection 26:436−47 doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.04.030 |
| [23] |
Ghosh PK, Hazra KK, Venkatesh MS, Praharaj CS, Kumar N, et al. 2020. Grain legume inclusion in cereal–cereal rotation increased base crop productivity in the long run. Experimental Agriculture 56:142−58 doi: 10.1017/S0014479719000243 |
| [24] |
Ambast SK, Tyagi NK, Raul SK. 2006. Management of declining groundwater in the Trans Indo-Gangetic Plain (India): Some options. Agricultural Water Management 82:279−96 doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2005.06.005 |
| [25] |
Bhattacharyya R, Prakash V, Kundu S, Srivastva AK, Gupta HS. 2009. Soil aggregation and organic matter in a sandy clay loam soil of the Indian Himalayas under different tillage and crop regimes. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 132:126−34 doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2009.03.007 |
| [26] |
Derpsch R, Friedrich T. Development and current status of no-till adoption in the world, proceedings on CD. Proc. 18th Triennial Conference of the International Soil Tillage Research Organization (ISTRO), 2009, Izmir, Turkey. |
| [27] |
Farooq M, Flower KC, Jabran K, Wahid A, Siddique KHM. 2011. Crop yield and weed management in rainfed conservation agriculture. Soil and Tillage Research 117:172−83 doi: 10.1016/j.still.2011.10.001 |
| [28] |
Saha R, Ghosh PK. 2013. Soil organic carbon stock, moisture availability and crop yield as influenced by residue management and tillage practices in maize-mustard cropping system under hill agro-ecosystem. National Academy Science Letters 36:461−68 doi: 10.1007/s40009-013-0158-7 |
| [29] |
Gupta Choudhury S, Srivastava S, Singh R, Chaudhari SK, Sharma DK, et al. 2014. Tillage and residue management effects on soil aggregation, organic carbon dynamics and yield attribute in rice-wheat cropping system under reclaimed sodic soil. Soil and Tillage Research 136:76−83 doi: 10.1016/j.still.2013.10.001 |
| [30] |
Bhushan L, Ladha JK, Gupta RK, Singh S, Tirol-Padre A, et al. 2007. Saving of water and labor in a rice-wheat system with no-tillage and direct seeding technologies. Agronomy Journal 99:1288−96 doi: 10.2134/agronj2006.0227 |
| [31] |
Kaschuk G, Alberton O, Hungria M. 2010. Three decades of soil microbial biomass studies in Brazilian ecosystems: Lessons learned about soil quality and indications for improving sustainability. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 42:1−13 doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.08.020 |
| [32] |
Unger PW, Stewart BA, Parr JF, Singh RP. 1991. Crop residue management and tillage methods for conserving soil and water in semi-arid regions. Soil and Tillage Research 20:219−40 doi: 10.1016/0167-1987(91)90041-U |
| [33] |
Bell RW, Haque ME, Jahiruddin M, Rahman MM, Begum M, et al. 2019. Conservation Agriculture for rice-based intensive cropping by smallholders in the Eastern Gangetic plain. Agriculture 9:5 doi: 10.3390/agriculture9010005 |
| [34] |
Barman A, Saha P, Patel S, Bera A. 2022. Crop diversification an effective strategy for sustainable agriculture development. In Sustainable Crop Production: Recent Advances, ed. Singh Meena V, Choudhary M, Yadav RP, Kumari Meena S. UK: IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102635 |
| [35] |
Kumar U, Mishra VN, Kumar N, Srivastava LK, Bajpai RK. 2020. Soil physical and chemical quality under long-term rice-based cropping system in hot humid eastern plateau of India. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 51:1930−45 doi: 10.1080/00103624.2020.1812628 |
| [36] |
Laik R, Sharma S, Idris M, Singh AK, Singh SS, et al. 2014. Integration of conservation agriculture with best management practices for improving system performance of the rice-wheat rotation in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 195:68−82 doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2014.06.001 |
| [37] |
Kumar V, Ladha JK. 2011. Direct seeding of rice: Recent developments and future research needs. In Advances in Agronomy, ed. Sparks DL. New Delhi, India: Academic Press. 111: 297-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-387689-8.00001-1 |
| [38] |
Raman A, Ladha JK, Kumar V, Sharma S, Piepho HP. 2011. Stability analysis of farmer participatory trials for conservation agriculture using mixed models. Field Crops Research 121:450−59 doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2011.02.001 |
| [39] |
Gathala MK, Kumar V, Sharma PC, Saharawat YS, Jat HS, et al. 2013. Optimizing intensive cereal-based cropping systems addressing current and future drivers of agricultural change in the northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 177:85−97 doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2013.06.002 |
| [40] |
Mishra JS, Poonia SP, Kumar R, Dubey R, Kumar V, et al. 2021. An impact of agronomic practices of sustainable rice-wheat crop intensification on food security, economic adaptability, and environmental mitigation across eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains. Field Crops Research 267:108164 doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108164 |
| [41] |
Mishra AK, Aggarwal P, Bhattacharyya R, Das TK, Sharma AR, et al. 2015. Least limiting water range for two conservation agriculture cropping systems in India. Soil and Tillage Research 150:43−56 doi: 10.1016/j.still.2015.01.003 |
| [42] |
Ghimire R, Adhikari KR, Chen ZS, Shah SC, Dahal KR. 2012. Soil organic carbon sequestration as affected by tillage, crop residue, and nitrogen application in rice–wheat rotation system. Paddy and Water Environment 10:95−102 doi: 10.1007/s10333-011-0268-0 |
| [43] |
Ghimire R, Lamichhane S, Acharya BS, Bista P, Sainju UM. 2017. Tillage, crop residue, and nutrient management effects on soil organic carbon in rice-based cropping systems: A review. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 16:1−15 doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61337-0 |
| [44] |
Das TK, Bhattacharyya R, Sharma AR, Das S, Saad AA, et al. 2013. Impacts of conservation agriculture on total soil organic carbon retention potential under an irrigated agro-ecosystem of the western Indo-Gangetic Plains. European Journal of Agronomy 51:34−42 doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2013.07.003 |
| [45] |
Bhattacharyya R, Tuti MD, Bisht JK, Bhatt JC, Gupta HS. 2012. Conservation tillage and fertilization impact on soil aggregation and carbon pools in the Indian himalayas under an irrigated rice–wheat rotation. Soil Science 177:218−28 doi: 10.1097/SS.0b013e3182408f1e |
| [46] |
Das TK, Bhattacharyya R, Sudhishri S, Sharma AR, Saharawat YS, et al. 2014. Conservation agriculture in an irrigated cotton–wheat system of the western Indo-Gangetic Plains: Crop and water productivity and economic profitability. Field Crops Research 158:24−33 doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.12.017 |
| [47] |
Alam MK, Bell RW, Haque ME, Kader MA. 2018. Minimal soil disturbance and increased residue retention increase soil carbon in rice-based cropping systems on the Eastern Gangetic Plain. Soil and Tillage Research 183:28−41 doi: 10.1016/j.still.2018.05.009 |
| [48] |
Islam MA. 2017. Conservation Agriculture: Its effects on crop and soil in rice-based cropping systems in Bangladesh. PhD thesis. School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Australia. 365 pp. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/36706/ |
| [49] |
Salahin N, Jahiruddin M, Islam MR, Alam MK, Haque ME, et al. 2021. Establishment of crops under minimal soil disturbance and crop residue retention in rice-based cropping system: Yield advantage, soil health improvement, and economic benefit. Land 10:581 doi: 10.3390/land10060581 |
| [50] |
Alam MK, Bell RW, Haque ME, Islam MA, Kader MA. 2020. Soil nitrogen storage and availability to crops are increased by conservation agriculture practices in rice–based cropping systems in the Eastern Gangetic Plains. Field Crops Research 250:107764 doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107764 |
| [51] |
Bhatia A, Pathak H, Jain N, Singh PK, Singh AK. 2005. Global warming potential of manure amended soils under rice-wheat system in the Indo-Gangetic plains. Atmospheric Environment 39:6976−84 doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.07.052 |
| [52] |
Ullah A, Nawaz A, Farooq M, Siddique KHM. 2021. Agricultural innovation and sustainable development: A case study of rice–wheat cropping systems in South Asia. Sustainability 13:1965 doi: 10.3390/su13041965 |
| [53] |
Alam MK, Biswas WK, Bell RW. 2016. Greenhouse gas implications of novel and conventional rice production technologies in the Eastern-Gangetic plains. Journal of Cleaner Production 112:3977−87 doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.09.071 |
| [54] |
Nawaz A, Farooq M, Nadeem F, Siddique KHM, Lal R. 2019. Rice–wheat cropping systems in South Asia: issues, options and opportunities. Crop and Pasture Science 70:395−427 doi: 10.1071/CP18383 |
| [55] |
Singh VK, Yadvinder-Singh, Dwivedi BS, Singh SK, Majumdar K, et al. 2016. Soil physical properties, yield trends and economics after five years of conservation agriculture based rice-maize system in north-western India. Soil and Tillage Research 155:133−48 doi: 10.1016/j.still.2015.08.001 |
| [56] |
United Nations. 2015. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision. http://esa.un.org/wpp/unpp/panel_population.htm |
| [57] |
Gathala MK, Timsina J, Islam MS, Krupnik TJ, Bose TR, et al. 2016. Productivity, profitability, and energetics: A multi-criteria assessment of farmers’ tillage and crop establishment options for maize in intensively cultivated environments of South Asia. Field Crops Research 186:32−46 doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2015.11.008 |
| [58] |
Hobbs P, Morris M. 1996. Meeting South Asia's future food requirements from rice-wheat cropping systems; Priority issues facing researchers in the post-green revolution era. Natural Resource Group, Paper 96-01. Mexico, D. F: CIMMYT. |
| [59] |
Sharma RSJ, K. K. 1997. Agronomic research in rice–wheat system in Madhya Pradesh. International Journal of Advance Agricultural Research 7:139−57 |
| [60] |
Bajpai RK, Tripathi RP. 2000. Evaluation of non-puddling under shallow water tables and alternative tillage methods on soil and crop parameters in a rice–wheat system in Uttar Pradesh. Soil and Tillage Research 55:99−106 doi: 10.1016/S0167-1987(00)00111-2 |
| [61] |
Kumar V, Ladha JK. 2011. Direct seeding of rice: Recent developments and future research needs. In Advances in Agronomy, ed. Sparks DL. 111:421. Pusa, New Delhi, India: Academic Press. pp 297−413 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-387689-8.00001-1 |
| [62] |
Ladha JK, Dawe D, Pathak H, Padre AT, Yadav RL, et al. 2003. How extensive are yield declines in long-term rice-wheat experiments in Asia? Field Crops Research 81:159−80 doi: 10.1016/S0378-4290(02)00219-8 |
| [63] |
Roy KC, Singh G. 2008. Agricultural mechanization in Bangladesh. Agricultural mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America 39:83−93 |
| [64] |
Sarkar TK, Islam AKMS, Rahman MA, Kamruzzaman M. 2012. Evaluation of the Versatile Multi-crop Planter (VMP) to establishment chickpea under different tillage practices in drought area of Bangladesh. International Journal of BioResearch 12:31−35 |
| [65] |
Haque ME, Bell RW, Islam AKMS, Sayre K, Hossain MM. 2011. Versatile multi-crop planter for two-wheel tractors: an innovative option for smallholders. World Congress on Conservation Agriculture, 26−29 September. Brisbane, Australia. |
| [66] |
Haque ME, Bell RW, Kassam A, Mia MNN. 2016. Versatile strip seed drill: A 2-wheel tractor-based option for smallholders to implement conservation agriculture in Asia and Africa. Environments 3:1−13 doi: 10.3390/environments3010001 |
| [67] |
Bell RW, Haque ME, Johansen C, Vance W, Kabir ME, et al. 2017. Mechanised minimum soil disturbance establishment and yield of diverse crops in paddy fields using a two-wheel tractor-mounted planter suitable for smallholder cropping. Experimental Agriculture 54:755−73 doi: 10.1017/S0014479717000370 |
| [68] |
Vance WH, Bell RW, Johansen C, Haque ME, Musa AM, et al. 2014. Optimum time of sowing for rainfed winter chickpea with one-pass mechanised row-sowing: an example for small-holder farms in north-west Bangladesh. Crop and Pasture Science 65:602−13 doi: 10.1071/CP13331 |
| [69] |
Food and Agriculture Organization. 2022. Conservation Agriculture. Plant Production and Protection Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. https://www.fao.org/conservation-agriculture/en/ |
| [70] |
Nhamo N, Lungu ON. 2017. Opportunities for Smallholder Farmers to Benefit From Conservation Agricultural Practices. In Smart Technologies for Sustainable Smallholder Agriculture Upscaling in Developing Countries, eds. Nhamo N, Chikoye D, Gondwepp T. Academic Press. pp. 145−63. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-810521-4.00007-4 |
| [71] |
Malik AI, Ali MO, Zaman MS, Flower K, Rahman MM, et al. 2015. Relay sowing of lentil (Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris) to intensify rice-based cropping. The Journal of Agricultural Science 154:850−57 doi: 10.1017/s0021859614001324 |
| [72] |
Jat RA, Wani SP, Sahrawat KL. 2012. Conservation agriculture in the semi-arid tropics: Prospects and Problems. In Advances in Agronomy, ed. Sparks DL. 117: 376. USA: Academic Press. pp. 191−273. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394278-4.00004-0 |
| [73] |
Dendooven L, Patiño-Zúñiga L, Verhulst N, Luna-Guido M, Marsch R, et al. 2012. Global warming potential of agricultural systems with contrasting tillage and residue management in the central highlands of Mexico. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 152:50−58 doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2012.02.010 |
| [74] |
Baker CJ, Saxton KE. 2007. Seed depth, placement and metering. In No-tillage Seeding in Conservation Agriculture, eds. Baker CJ, Saxton KE. 2nd edition. Rome, Italy: CAB International and FAO. pp. 99–117 |
| [75] |
Jat RA, Jinger D, Kumar K, Singh R, Jat SL, et al. 2021. Scaling-Up of Conservation Agriculture for Climate Change Resilient Agriculture in South Asia. In Scaling-up Solutions for Farmers: Technology, Partnerships and Convergence, eds. Wani SP, Raju KV, Bhattacharyya T. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 351−80. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77935-1_11 |
| [76] |
Nouri A, Yoder DC, Raji M, Ceylan S, Jagadamma S, et al. 2021. Conservation agriculture increases the soil resilience and cotton yield stability in climate extremes of the southeast US. Communications Earth & Environment 2:155 doi: 10.1038/s43247-021-00223-6 |
| [77] |
Dumanski JR, Peiretti R, Benites J, McGarry D, Pieri C. 2006. The paradigm of conservation agriculture. Proceedings of World Association of Soil and Water Conservation. pp. 58−64. |
| [78] |
Friedrich T, Derpsch R, Kassam A. 2012. Overview of the global spread of Conservation Agriculture. Field Actions Science Reports (Online). http://journals.openedition.org/factsreports/1941 |
| [79] |
Food and Agriculture Organization. 2016. www.fao.org/ag/ca/. |
| [80] |
Lal R. 1983. No-till farming: Soil and water conservation and management in the humid and sub-humid tropics. Ibadan, Nigeria: IITA Monograph No. 2 |
| [81] |
Soane BD, Ball BC, Arvidsson J, Basch G, Moreno F, et al. 2012. No-till in northern, western and south-western Europe: A review of problems and opportunities for crop production and the environment. Soil and Tillage Research 118:66−87 doi: 10.1016/j.still.2011.10.015 |
| [82] |
Naresh RK, Tomar SS, Kumar D, Samsher, Purushottam, et al. 2014. Experiences with rice grown on permanent raised beds: Effect of crop establishment techniques on water use, productivity, profitability and soil physical properties. Rice Science 21:170−80 doi: 10.1016/s1672-6308(13)60185-7 |
| [83] |
Naresh RK, Gupta RK, Kumar A, Singh B, Prakash S, et al. 2011. Direct-seeding and reduced-tillage options in the rice-wheat system of the Western Indo-Gangetic Plains. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences 7:197−208 |
| [84] |
Gathala MK, Timsina J, Islam MS, Rahman MM, Hossain MI, et al. 2015. Conservation agriculture based tillage and crop establishment options can maintain farmers' yields and increase profits in South Asia's rice-maize systems: Evidence from Bangladesh. Field Crops Research 172:85−98 doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2014.12.003 |
| [85] |
Busari MA, Kukal SS, Kaur A, Bhatt R, Dulazi AA. 2015. Conservation tillage impacts on soil, crop and the environment. International Soil and Water Conservation Research 3:119−29 doi: 10.1016/j.iswcr.2015.05.002 |
| [86] |
Graham RL, Nelson R, Sheehan J, Perlack RD, Wright LL. 2007. Current and potential U.S. corn stover supplies. Agronomy Journal 99:1−11 doi: 10.2134/agronj2005.0222 |
| [87] |
Choudhary AK. 2019. Diversifying Crop Rotations with Nitrogen Fixing Legumes. In Conservation Agriculture for Climate Resilient Farming & Doubling Farmers' Income. Patna, India: ICAR RCER. pp. 171−77 |
| [88] |
Jat RA, Dungrani RA, Arvadia MK, Sahrawat KL. 2012. Diversification of rice (Oryza sativa L.)-based cropping systems for higher productivity, resource-use efficiency and economic returns in south Gujarat, India. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 58:561−72 doi: 10.1080/03650340.2010.533172 |
| [89] |
Manna MC, Ghosh PK, Acharya CL. 2003. Sustainable crop production through management of soil organic carbon in semiarid and tropical India. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 21:85−114 doi: 10.1300/J064v21n03_07 |
| [90] |
Sharma PK, Ladha JK, Bhushan L. 2003. Soil physical effects of puddling in rice-wheat cropping system. In Improving the productivity and sustainability of rice-wheat systems: Issues and impacts, ed. Ladha JK, Hill JE, Duxbury JM, Gupta RK, Buresh RJ. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. pp. 97–113. https://doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub65.c5 |
| [91] |
Chauhan BS, Mahajan G, Sardana V, Timsina J, Jat ML. 2012. Productivity and sustainability of the rice-wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of the Indian subcontinent: Problems, opportunities, and strategies. In Advances in Agronomy, ed. Sparks DL. 117: 376. USA: Academic Press. pp. 315−69. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394278-4.00006-4 |
| [92] |
Mulvaney RL, Khan SA, Ellsworth TR. 2009. Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers deplete soil nitrogen: A global dilemma for sustainable cereal production. Journal of Environmental Quality 38:2295−314 doi: 10.2134/jeq2008.0527 |
| [93] |
Das S, Kabir W. 2016. Pulses production in Bangladesh: status and drivers for enhancement. Conference: Pulses for Sustainable Agriculture and Human Health, Delhi, Pusa, India. International Food Policy Research Institute. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.3112.7283 |
| [94] |
Kumbhar AM, Buriro UA, Oad FC, Chachar QI. 2007. Yield parameters and N-uptake of wheat under different fertility levels in legume rotation. Journal of Agricultural Technology 3:323−33 |
| [95] |
Cutforth HW, Angadi SV, McConkey BG, Miller PR, Ulrich D, et al. 2013. Comparing rooting characteristics and soil water withdrawal patterns of wheat with alternative oilseed and pulse crops grown in the semiarid Canadian prairie. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 93:147−60 doi: 10.4141/cjss2012-081 |
| [96] |
Kumar Rao JVDK, Johansen C, Rego TJ. 1998. Residual effects of legumes in rice and wheat cropping systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Proceedings of the Workshop, ICRISAT Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India, 26−28 August 1996. |
| [97] |
Lal R. 2015. Restoring soil quality to mitigate soil degradation. Sustainability 7:5875−95 doi: 10.3390/su7055875 |
| [98] |
Garg N, Geetanjali. 2007. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legume nodules: process and signaling. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 27:59−68 doi: 10.1051/agro:2006030 |
| [99] |
Reynolds WD, Drury CF, Yang XM, Fox CA, Tan CS, et al. 2007. Land management effects on the near-surface physical quality of a clay loam soil. Soil and Tillage Research 96:316−30 doi: 10.1016/j.still.2007.07.003 |
| [100] |
Kumar N, Singh SK, Mishra VN, Obi RGP, Bajpai RK. 2017. Soil quality ranking of a small sample size using AHP. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 16:339−46 doi: 10.5958/2455-7145.2017.00050.9 |
| [101] |
Hulugalle NR, Lal R. 1986. Root growth of maize in a compacted gravelly tropical alfisol as affected by rotation with a woody perennial. Field Crops Research 13:33−44 doi: 10.1016/0378-4290(86)90005-5 |
| [102] |
Nadarajan N, Kumar N. 2018. Role of Pulses in Conservation Agriculture. In System Based Conservation Agriculture, ed. Singh VK, Gangwar B. New Delhi: Westville Publishing House. pp. 134−54. |
| [103] |
Gogoi N, Baruah KK, Meena RS. 2018. Grain Legumes: Impact on Soil Health and Agroecosystem. In Legumes for Soil Health and Sustainable Management, ed. Meena RS, Das A, Yadav GS, Lal R. Singapore: Springer Singapore. pp. 11−39. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0253-4_16 |
| [104] |
Meena VS, Maurya BR, Meena RS, Meena SK, Singh NP, et al. 2014. Microbial dynamics as influenced by concentrate manure and inorganic fertilizer in alluvium soil of Varanasi, India. African Journal of Microbiology Research 8:257−63 doi: 10.5897/AJMR2013.5448 |
| [105] |
Srinivasarao C, Venkateswarlu B, Lal R, Singh AK, Vittal KPR, et al. 2012. Long-term effects of soil fertility management on carbon sequestration in a rice-lentil cropping system of the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Soil Science Society of America Journal 76:168−78 doi: 10.2136/sssaj2011.0184 |
| [106] |
Yuvaraj M, Pandiyan M, Gayathri P. 2020. Role of legumes in improving soil fertility status. In Legume Crops - Prospects, Production and Uses, eds. Hasanuzzaman M. UK: IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93247 |
| [107] |
Haynes RJ. 1983. Soil acidification induced by leguminous crops. Grass and Forage Science 38:1−11 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1983.tb01614.x |
| [108] |
Kumar N, Hazra KK, Nath CP, Praharaj CS, Singh U. 2018. Grain legumes for resource conservation and agricultural sustainability in South Asia. In Legumes for Soil Health and Sustainable Management, ed. RS Meena, Das A, Yadav G, Lal R. Singapore: Springer Nature. pp. 77−107. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0253-4_3 |
| [109] |
Singh KK, Ali M, Venkatesh MS. 2009. Pulses in cropping systems. Technical Bulletin, IIPR (Indian Institute of Pulse Research), Kanpur. pp. 47 |
| [110] |
Klauer SF, Franceschi VR. 1997. Mechanism of transport of vegetative storage proteins to the vacuole of the paraveinal mesophyll of soybean leaf. Protoplasma 200:174−85 doi: 10.1007/BF01283293 |
| [111] |
Sinclair TR, Muchow RC, Bennett JM, Hammond LC. 1987. Relative sensitivity of nitrogen and biomass accumulation to drought in field-grown soybean. Agronomy Journal 79:986−91 doi: 10.2134/agronj1987.00021962007900060007x |
| [112] |
Shen H, Yan X, Zhao M, Zheng S, Wang X. 2002. Exudation of organic acids in common bean as related to mobilization of aluminum- and iron-bound phosphates. Environmental and Experimental Botany 48:1−9 doi: 10.1016/s0098-8472(02)00009-6 |
| [113] |
Gilbert GA, Knight JD, Vance CP, Allan DL. 1999. Acid phosphatase activity in phosphorus-deficient white lupin roots. Plant, Cell & Environment 22:801−10 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00441.x |
| [114] |
Sharma CP, Gupta BR, Bajpai PD. 1986. Residual effect of leguminous crops on some chemical and microbiological properties of soil. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 34:206−8 |
| [115] |
Yusuf AA, Abaidoo RC, Iwuafor ENO, Olufajo OO, Sanginga N. 2009. Rotation effects of grain legumes and fallow on maize yield, microbial biomass and chemical properties of an Alfisol in the Nigerian savanna. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 129:325−31 doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.007 |
| [116] |
Alvey S, Yang CH, Buerkert A, Crowley DE. 2003. Cereal/legume rotation effects on rhizosphere bacterial community structure in west african soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils 37:73−82 doi: 10.1007/s00374-002-0573-2 |
| [117] |
Liang S, Grossman J, Shi W. 2014. Soil microbial responses to winter legume cover crop management during organic transition. European Journal of Soil Biology 65:15−22 doi: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2014.08.007 |
| [118] |
Schelud’ko AV, Makrushin KV, Tugarova AV, Krestinenko VA, Panasenko VI, et al. 2009. Changes in motility of the rhizobacterium Azospirillum brasilense in the presence of plant lectins. Microbiological Research 164:149−56 doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2006.11.008 |
| [119] |
Hayman DS. 1986. Mycorrhizae of nitrogen-fixing legumes. MIRCEN journal of applied microbiology and biotechnology 2:121−45 doi: 10.1007/BF00937189 |
| [120] |
Meena RS, Vijayakumar V, Yadav GS, Mitran T. 2018. Response and interaction of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soybean rhizosphere. Plant Growth Regulation 84:207−23 doi: 10.1007/s10725-017-0334-8 |
| [121] |
Zahran HH. 1999. Rhizobium-legume symbiosis and nitrogen fixation under severe conditions and in an arid climate. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 63:968−89 doi: 10.1128/MMBR.63.4.968-989.1999 |
| [122] |
Franzini VI, Azcón R, Méndes FL, Aroca R. 2013. Different interaction among Glomus and Rhizobium species on Phaseolus vulgaris and Zea mays plant growth, physiology and symbiotic development under moderate drought stress conditions. Plant Growth Regulation 70:265−73 doi: 10.1007/s10725-013-9798-3 |
| [123] |
Schubert KR, Evans HJ. 1976. Hydrogen Evolution: A major factor affecting the efficiency of nitrogen fixation in nodulated symbionts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 73:1207−11 doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.4.1207 |
| [124] |
Ruiz-Argüeso T, Maier RJ, Evans HJ. 1979. Hydrogen evolution from alfalfa and clover nodules and hydrogen uptake by free-living Rhizobium meliloti. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 37:582−87 doi: 10.1128/aem.37.3.582-587.1979 |
| [125] |
Dong Z, Layzell DB. 2001. H2 oxidation, O2 uptake and CO2 fixation in hydrogen treated soils. Plant and Soil 229:1−12 doi: 10.1023/A:1004810017490 |
| [126] |
Stein S, Selesi D, Schilling R, Pattis I, Schmid M, Hartmann A. 2005. Microbial activity and bacterial composition of H2-treated soils with net CO2 fixation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 37:1938−45 doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.02.035 |
| [127] |
Dong Z, Wu L, Kettlewell B, Caldwell CD, Layzell DB. 2003. Hydrogen fertilization of soils — is this a benefit of legumes in rotation? Plant, Cell & Environment 26:1875−79 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.01103.x |
| [128] |
Brussaard L, de Ruiter PC, Brown GG. 2007. Soil biodiversity for agricultural sustainability. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 121:233−44 doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.013 |
| [129] |
Chauhan P, Verma P, Pandey S, Bhattacharya A, Tripathi A, et al. 2021. Endophytic microbial interaction with legume crop for developing resistance against nutrient stress. In Microbes in Land Use Change Management, eds. Singh JS, Tiwari S, Singh C, Singh AK. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier. pp. 363−87. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-824448-7.00020-6 |
| [130] |
Sharma SR, Singh S, Aggarwal N, Kaur J, Gill RK, et al. 2018. Genetic variation for tolerance to post-emergence herbicide, imazethapyr in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 64:1818−30 doi: 0.1080/03650340.2018.1463519 |
| [131] |
Kumar S, Pandey G. 2020. Biofortification of pulses and legumes to enhance nutrition. Heliyon 6:e03682 doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03682 |
| [132] |
Gathorne-hardy A, Reddy D, Motkuri V, Harriss-White B. 2013. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from SRI and Flooded Rice Production in SE India. Taiwan Water Conservancy 61:111−25 doi: 10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii250 |
| [133] |
Kumar N, Yadav A. 2018. Role of pulses in improving soil quality and enhancing resource use efficiency. In Conservation Agriculture for Advancing Food Security in Changing Climate, eds. Das A, Mohapatra KP, Ngachan SV, Panwar AS, Rajkhowa DJ, et al. New Delhi, India: Today & Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers. pp. 547−61. |
| [134] |
Ahlwat IPS, Srivastava TK. 1994. Fertility management in pulse based cropping system. Proceedings of international symposium on pulses research, 2−6 April, 1994, New Delhi, India. pp. 28 |
| [135] |
Foyer CH, Lam HM, Nguyen HT, Siddique KHM, Varshney RK, et al. 2016. Neglecting legumes has compromised human health and sustainable food production. Nature Plants 2:16112 doi: 10.1038/nplants.2016.112 |
| [136] |
Gills MS, Prasad K, Ahalawat IPS. 2009. Improving sustainability of rice-wheat cropping system through pulses: weeds and imperatives. In Legumes for Ecological Sustainability, eds. Ali M, Gupta S, Basu PS, Naimuddin. Kanpur, India: Indian Society of Pulses Research and Development. pp. 71-91 |
| [137] |
Saraf CS, Rupela OP, Hegde D, Yadav RL, Shivakumar BG, et al. 1998. Biological nitrogen fixation and residual effects of winter grain legumes in rice and wheat cropping systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. In Residual effects of legumes in rice and wheat cropping systems of the Indo-Gangetic plain. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing. pp. 14−30 |
| [138] |
Hossain MS, Hossain A, Sarkar MAR, Jahiruddin M, Teixeira da Silva JA, Hossain MI. 2016. Productivity and soil fertility of the rice–wheat system in the High Ganges River Floodplain of Bangladesh is influenced by the inclusion of legumes and manure. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 218:40−52 doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2015.11.017 |
| [139] |
Ghosh PK, Hazra KK, Venkatesh MS, Nath CP, Singh J, et al. 2019. Increasing Soil Organic Carbon Through Crop Diversification in Cereal–Cereal Rotations of Indo-Gangetic Plain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences 89:429−40 doi: 10.1007/s40011-017-0953-x |
| [140] |
Nath CP, Hazra KK, Kumar N, Praharaj CS, Singh SS, et al. 2019. Including grain legume in rice-wheat cropping system improves soil organic carbon pools over time. Ecological Engineering 129:144−53 doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.02.004 |
| [141] |
Khadka R, Paudel MN. 2013. Inclusion of grain legumes in rice based systems in the mid-hills of central Nepal. Agronomy Journal of Nepal61−66 doi: 10.3126/ajn.v1i0.7543 |
| [142] |
Upadhaya B, Kishor K, Kumar V, Kumar N, Kumar S, et al. 2022. Diversification of Rice-Based Cropping System for Improving System Productivity and Soil Health in Eastern Gangetic Plains of India. Agronomy 12:2393 doi: 10.3390/agronomy12102393 |
| [143] |
Liu X, Tan S, Song X, Wu X, Zhao G, et al. 2022. Response of soil organic carbon content to crop rotation and its controls: A global synthesis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 335:108017 doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2022.108017 |
| [144] |
Schwenke GD, Herridge DF, Scheer C, Rowlings DW, Haigh BM, McMullen KG. 2015. Soil N2O emissions under N2-fixing legumes and N-fertilised canola: A reappraisal of emissions factor calculations. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 202:232−42 doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2015.01.017 |
| [145] |
Lal R. 2010. Enhancing eco-efficiency in agro-ecosystems through soil carbon sequestration. Crop Science 50:S120−S131 doi: 10.2135/cropsci2010.01.0012 |
| [146] |
Hajduk E, Właśniewski S, Szpunar-Krok E. 2015. Influence of legume crops on content of organic C in sandy soil. Soil Science Annual 66:52−56 doi: 10.1515/ssa-2015-0019 |
| [147] |
Hazra KK, Kumar N, Venkatesh MS, Ghosh PK. 2012. Inclusion of pulses in rice-wheat system can reduce Phalaris minor population. Pulses Newsletter 23:6 |
| [148] |
Ghosh PK, Bandyopadhyay KK, Wanjari RH, Manna MC, Misra AK, et al. 2007. Legume effect for enhancing productivity and nutrient use-efficiency in major cropping systems – An Indian perspective: A Review. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 30:59−86 doi: 10.1300/J064v30n01_07 |
| [149] |
Varma D, Meena R, Kumar S. 2017. Response of mungbean to fertility and lime levels under soil acidity in an alley cropping system of Vindhyan Region, India. International Journal of Chemical Studies 5:1558−60 |
| [150] |
Liebman M, Davis AS. 2000. Integration of soil, crop and weed management in low-external-input farming systems. Weed Research 40:27−47 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3180.2000.00164.x |
| [151] |
Wani SP, Rupela OP, Lee KK. 1995. Sustainable agriculture in the semi-arid tropics through biological nitrogen fixation in grain legumes. Plant and Soil 174:29−49 doi: 10.1007/BF00032240 |
| [152] |
Prasad K, Singh M, Yadav RL. 1997. Impact of crop sequence on the control of Phalaris minor Retz. In rice-wheat system of Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Proc. Abstracts of paper. Biennial conference of Indian Society of Weed Science, February 1997. PAU, Ludhiana, 1997. pp. 19-21 |
| [153] |
Shah KK, Modi B, Pandey HP, Subedi A, Aryal G, et al. 2021. Diversified crop rotation: An approach for sustainable agriculture production. Advances in Agriculture 2021:8924087 doi: 10.1155/2021/8924087 |
| [154] |
Meena RS, Kumawat A, Kumar S, Prasad SK, Pradhan G, et al. 2022. Effect of legumes on nitrogen economy and budgeting in South Asia. In Advances in Legumes for Sustainable Intensification, eds. Meena RS, Kumar S. Academic Press. pp. 619−38. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85797-0.00001-X |
| [155] |
Tanveer M, Anjum SA, Hussain S, Cerdà A, Ashraf U. 2017. Relay cropping as a sustainable approach: problems and opportunities for sustainable crop production. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 24:6973−88 doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-8371-4 |
| [156] |
Aktar-Uz-Zaman M, Ariful Islam M, Shahin Iqbal M, Jahangir Alam M, Sarkar D, et al. 2022. Improvement of early maturing and climate resilient chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars suitable for multiple environments in Bangladesh. Phyton 92:883−899 doi: 10.32604/phyton.2023.025022 |
| [157] |
Schulz S, Keatinge JDH, Wells GJ. 1999. Productivity and residual effects of legumes in rice-based cropping systems in a warm-temperate environment: II. Residual effects on rice. Field Crops Research 61:37−49 doi: 10.1016/S0378-4290(98)00147-6 |
| [158] |
Wang L, Gruber S, Claupein W. 2012. Effect of sowing date and variety on yield and weed populations in a lentil–barley mixture. The Journal of Agricultural Science 151:672−81 doi: 10.1017/s0021859612000895 |