[1]

Akbaribazm M, Khazaei F, Naseri L, Pazhouhi M, Zamanian M, et al. 2021. Pharmacological and therapeutic properties of the Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.): an overview of the new finding. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 41(4):642−49

doi: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20210604.001
[2]

Jones C, De Vega J, Lloyd D, Hegarty M, Ayling S, et al. 2020. Population structure and genetic diversity in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) germplasm. Scientific Reports 10:8364

doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64989-z
[3]

Carswell A, Sánchez-Rodríguez AR, Saunders K, le Cocq K, Shaw R, et al. 2022. Combining targeted grass traits with red clover improves grassland performance and reduces need for nitrogen fertilisation. European Journal of Agronomy 133:126433

doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2021.126433
[4]

McKenna P, Cannon N, Conway J, Dooley J. 2018. The use of red clover (Trifolium pratense) in soil fertility-building: a review. Field Crops Research 221:38−49

doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2018.02.006
[5]

EFSA ANS Panel. 2015. Risk assessment for peri- and post-menopausal women taking food supplements containing isolated isoflavones. EFSA Journal 13(10):4246

doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4246
[6]

Kazlauskaite JA, Ivanauskas L, Bernatoniene J. 2021. Cyclodextrin-assisted extraction method as a green alternative to increase the isoflavone yield from Trifolium pratensis L. extract. Pharmaceutics 13:620

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050620
[7]

Antonescu (Mintas) AI, Miere (Groza) F, Fritea L, Ganea M, Zdrinca M, et al. 2021. Perspectives on the combined effects of Ocimum basilicum and Trifolium pratense extracts in terms of phytochemical profile and pharmacological effects. Plants 10:1390

doi: 10.3390/plants10071390
[8]

Vlaisavljević S, Kaurinović B, Popović M, Vasiljević S. 2017. Profile of phenolic compounds in Trifolium pratense L. extracts at different growth stages and their biological activities. International Journal of Food Properties 20:3090−101

doi: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1273235
[9]

Lee JS, Paje LA, Kim MJ, Jang SH, Kim JT, et al. 2021. Validation of an optimized HPLC–UV method for the quantification of formononetin and biochanin A in Trifolium pratense extract. Applied Biological Chemistry 64:57

doi: 10.1186/s13765-021-00630-5
[10]

Prati S, Baravelli V, Fabbri D, Schwarzinger C, Brandolini V, et al. 2007. Composition and content of seed flavonoids in forage and grain legume crops. Journal of Separation Science 30:491−501

doi: 10.1002/jssc.200600383
[11]

Çölgeçen H, Koca U, Büyükkartal HN. 2011. Use of red clover (Trifolium pratense L. ) seeds in human therapeutics. In Nuts and Seeds in Health and Disease Prevention, eds. Preedy VR, Watson RR, Patel VB. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 975−80. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-375688-6.10115-x

[12]

Sabudak T, Ozturk M, Goren AC, Kolak U, Topcu G. 2009. Fatty acids and other lipid composition of fiveTrifoliumspecies with antioxidant activity. Pharmaceutical Biology 47:137−41

doi: 10.1080/13880200802439343
[13]

Kratovalieva S, Popsimonova G, Ivanovska S, Jankuloski L, Meglič V. 2012. Macedonian Genebank: Seed protein content of wild red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) accessions. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus 77(4):199−202

[14]

Ahmed IAM, Matthäus B, Özcan MM, Al Juhaimi F, Ghafoor K, et al. 2020. Determination of bioactive lipid and antioxidant activity of Onobrychis, Pimpinella, Trifolium, and Phleum spp. seed and oils. Journal of Oleo Science 69:1367−71

doi: 10.5650/jos.ess20153
[15]

Rodway LA, Pauls SD, Pascoe CD, Aukema HM, Taylor CG, et al. 2023. Distinct effects of α-linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on the expression of genes related to cholesterol metabolism and the response to infection in THP-1 monocytes and immune cells of obese humans. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 159:114167

doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114167
[16]

Vlaisavljevic S, Kaurinovic B, Popovic M, Djurendic-Brenesel M, Vasiljevic B, et al. 2014. Trifolium pratense L. as a potential natural antioxidant. Molecules 19:713−25

doi: 10.3390/molecules19010713
[17]

Ahangari H, King JW, Ehsani A, Yousefi M. 2021. Supercritical fluid extraction of seed oils – A short review of current trends. Trends in Food Science & Technology 111:249−60

doi: 10.1016/j.jpgs.2021.02.066
[18]

Wang W, Rao L, Wu X, Wang Y, Zhao L, et al. 2021. Supercritical carbon dioxide applications in food processing. Food Engineering Reviews 13:570−91

doi: 10.1007/s12393-020-09270-9
[19]

Chiriac ER, Chiţescu CL, Sandru C, Geană EI, Lupoae M, et al. 2020. Comparative study of the bioactive properties and elemental composition of red clover (Trifolium pratense) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) sprouts during germination. Applied Sciences 10:7249

doi: 10.3390/app10207249
[20]

International Organisation of Standardization. 2009. Animal feeding stuffs -Determination of nitrogen content and calculation of crude protein content -Part 2: Block digestion/steam distillation method. ISO 5983-2.

[21]

Zhou Y, Tian Y, Beltrame G, Laaksonen O, Yang B. 2023. Ultrasonication-assisted enzymatic bioprocessing as a green method for valorizing oat hulls. Food Chemistry 426:136658

doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136658
[22]

Christie W, Han X. 2010. Lipid analysis: Isolation, separation, identification and lipidomic analysis. 4th edition. UK: The Oily Press.

[23]

Klåvus A, Kokla M, Noerman S, Koistinen VM, Tuomainen M, et al. 2020. "Notame": workflow for non-targeted LC–MS metabolic profiling. Metabolites 10:135

doi: 10.3390/metabo10040135
[24]

Wu Y, Chen Y, Lu Y, Hao H, Liu J, et al. 2020. Structural features, interaction with the gut microbiota and anti-tumor activity of oligosaccharides. RSC Advances 10:16339−48

doi: 10.1039/d0ra00344a
[25]

Giese EC, Barbosa AM, Dekker RFH. 2011. Pathways to bioactive oligosaccharides: Biological functions and potential applications. In Handbook on Carbohydrate Polymers: Development, Properties and Applications, eds. Ito R, Matsuo Y. USA: Nova Science Publishers. pp. 279−309. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.2036.8323

[26]

Wei X, Fu X, Xiao M, Liu Z, Zhang L, et al. 2020. Dietary galactosyl and mannosyl carbohydrates: In-vitro assessment of prebiotic effects. Food Chemistry 329:127179

doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127179
[27]

Temerdashev ZA, Chubukina TK, Vinitskaya EA, Nagalevskii MV, Kiseleva NV. 2021. Assessment of the concentrations of isoflavonoids in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) of the Fabaceae family using extraction by different methods. Journal of Analytical Chemistry 76:1071−82

doi: 10.1134/s1061934821090112
[28]

Malca-Garcia GR, Zagal D, Graham J, Nikolić D, Friesen JB, et al. 2019. Dynamics of the isoflavone metabolome of traditional preparations of Trifolium pratense L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 238:111865

doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111865
[29]

Shirvani A, Goli SAH, Shahedi M, Soleimanian-Zad S. 2016. Changes in nutritional value and application of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil on microbial and organoleptic markers of Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum) sprouts. LWT - Food Science and Technology 67:14−21

doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.11.036
[30]

Innes JK, Calder PC. 2018. Omega-6 fatty acids and inflammation. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 132:41−48

doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.03.004
[31]

Liu Q, Wu M, Zhang B, Shrestha P, Petrie J, et al. 2017. Genetic enhancement of palmitic acid accumulation in cotton seed oil through RNAi down-regulation of ghKAS2 encoding β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II (KASII). Plant Biotechnology Journal 15:132−43

doi: 10.1111/pbi.12598
[32]

Aksoz E, Korkut O, Aksit D, Gokbulut C. 2020. Vitamin E (α-, β+γ- and δ-tocopherol) levels in plant oils. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 35:504−10

doi: 10.1002/ffj.3585
[33]

Grygier A, Chakradhari S, Ratusz K, Rudzińska M, Patel KS, et al. 2022. Seven underutilized species of the Fabaceae family with high potential for industrial application as alternative sources of oil and lipophilic bioactive compounds. Industrial Crops and Products 186:115251

doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115251
[34]

Kumar M, Zhang B, Potkule J, Sharma K, Radha, et al. 2023. Cottonseed oil: extraction, characterization, health benefits, safety profile, and application. Food Analytical Methods 16:266−80

doi: 10.1007/s12161-022-02410-3
[35]

Knothe G, Razon LF, Madulid DA, Agoo EMG, de Castro MEG. 2016. Fatty acid profiles of some Fabaceae seed oils. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 93:1007−11

doi: 10.1007/s11746-016-2845-2
[36]

Doan LP, Nguyen TT, Pham MQ, Tran QT, Pham QL, et al. 2019. Extraction process, identification of fatty acids, tocopherols, sterols and phenolic constituents, and antioxidant evaluation of seed oils from five Fabaceae species. Processes 7:456

doi: 10.3390/pr7070456
[37]

Buchbauer G, Jirovetz L, Nikiforov A. 1996. Comparative investigation of essential clover flower oils from Austria using gas chromatography–flame ionization detection, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography–olfactometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 44:1827−28

doi: 10.1021/jf9506850
[38]

Chiriac ER, Chiţescu CL, Borda D, Lupoae M, Gird CE, et al. 2020. Comparison of the polyphenolic profile of Medicago sativa L. and Trifolium pratense L. sprouts in different germination stages using the UHPLC-Q exactive hybrid quadrupole orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. Molecules 25:2321

doi: 10.3390/molecules25102321
[39]

Akinmoladun AC, Olaleye MT, Komolafe K, Adetuyi AO, Akindahunsi AA. 2015. Effect of homopterocarpin, an isoflavonoid from Pterocarpus erinaceus, on indices of liver injury and oxidative stress in acetaminophen-provoked hepatotoxicity. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology 26:555−62

doi: 10.1515/jbcpp-2014-0095
[40]

Kaushal A, Sharma M, Navneet, Sharma M. 2020. Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, therapeutic and pharmacological review of the genus Erythrina. International Journal of Botany Studies 5(6):642−48

[41]

Hu Q, Zhang J, Xing R, Yu N, Chen Y. 2022. Integration of lipidomics and metabolomics for the authentication of camellia oil by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with chemometrics. Food Chemistry 373:131534

doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131534
[42]

Chopade AR, Somade PM, Somade PP, Mali SN. 2021. Identification of Anxiolytic Potential of Niranthin: In-vivo and Computational Investigations. Natual Products and Bioprospecting 11(2):223−33

doi: 10.1007/s13659-020-00284-8
[43]

Hattori K, Dupuis B, Fu BX, Edwards NM. 2015. Effects of monoglycerides of varying fatty acid chain length and mixtures thereof on sponge-and-dough breadmaking quality. Cereal Chemistry 92:481−86

doi: 10.1094/cchem-12-14-0267-r
[44]

Nartea A, Fanesi B, Pacetti D, Lenti L, Fiorini D, et al. 2023. Cauliflower by-products as functional ingredient in bakery foods: fortification of pizza with glucosinolates, carotenoids and phytosterols. Current Research in Food Science 6:100437

doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100437
[45]

Montesano D, Rocchetti G, Putnik P, Lucini L. 2018. Bioactive profile of pumpkin: an overview on terpenoids and their health-promoting properties. Current Opinion in Food Science 22:81−87

doi: 10.1016/j.cofs.2018.02.003
[46]

Sánchez-Hernández L, Puchalska P, García-Ruiz C, Crego AL, Marina ML. 2010. Determination of trigonelline in seeds and vegetable oils by capillary electrophoresis as a novel marker for the detection of adulterations in olive oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58:7489−96

doi: 10.1021/jf100550b
[47]

Lee HG, Kim HS, Je JG, Hwang J, Sanjeewa KKA, et al. 2021. Lipid Inhibitory Effect of (−)-loliolide Isolated from Sargassum horneri in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: Inhibitory Mechanism of Adipose-Specific Proteins. Marine Drugs 19(2):96

doi: 10.3390/MD19020096
[48]

Van Puyvelde H, Dimou N, Katsikari A, Indave Ruiz BI, Godderis L, et al. 2023. The association between dietary intakes of methionine, choline and betaine and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiology 83:102322

doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102322
[49]

Dede B, Avci D, Varkal D, Bahçeli S. 2018. Molecular, spectroscopic, NBO and NLO properties of 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol: a comparative theoretical study. Acta Physica Polonica A 134:1083−92

doi: 10.12693/aphyspola.134.1083
[50]

Hanh TTH, My NTT, Cham PT, Quang TH, Cuong NX, et al. 2020. Diterpenoids and flavonoids from Andrographis paniculata. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 68:96−99

doi: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00662