[1]

Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Han Y, Yang B, Lin H, et al. 2022. The natural substances with anti-allergic properties in food allergy. Trends in Food Science & Technology 128:53−67

doi: 10.1016/j.jpgs.2022.07.004
[2]

Anjana K, Arunkumar K. 2024. Brown algae biomass for fucoxanthin, fucoidan and alginate; update review on structure, biosynthesis, biological activities and extraction valorisation. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 280:135632

doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135632
[3]

Li HY, Yi YL, Guo S, Zhang F, Yan H, et al. 2022. Isolation, structural characterization and bioactivities of polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica: a review. Food Chemistry 370:131010

doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131010
[4]

Moreira ASP, Gaspar D, Ferreira SS, Correia A, Vilanova M, et al. 2023. Water-soluble Saccharina latissima polysaccharides and relation of their structural characteristics with in vitro immunostimulatory and hypocholesterolemic activities. Marine Drugs 21:183

doi: 10.3390/md21030183
[5]

Bisso BN, Jahan H, Dzoyem JP, Choudhary MI. 2025. Quinic acid enhances kanamycin efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Microbial Pathogenesis 198:107145

doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.107145
[6]

Álvarez-Viñas M, Torres MD, Domínguez H. 2025. Microwave-assisted depolymerization of hydrothermally extracted carrageenan from Chondrus crispus. Algal Research 89:104046

doi: 10.1016/j.algal.2025.104046
[7]

Roy D, Sobuj MKA, Islam MS, Haque MM, Islam MA, et al. 2024. Compositional, structural, and functional characterization of fucoidan extracted from Sargassum polycystum collected from Saint Martin's Island, Bangladesh. Algal Research 80:103542

doi: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103542
[8]

Li Z, Zhang Z, Feng Y, Guo Y, Li Z, et al. 2025. Insight into the anti-inflammatory sulfated polysaccharides from Sargassum carpophyllum and structure-function relationships. Algal Research 85:103841

doi: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103841
[9]

Shi H, Wan Y, Li O, Zhang X, Xie M, et al. 2020. Two-step hydrolysis method for monosaccharide composition analysis of natural polysaccharides rich in uronic acids. Food Hydrocolloids 101:105524

doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105524
[10]

AlBathish M, Gazy A, Al Jamal M, Bejjani A. 2024. Utilization of the FTIR spectroscopic method for the quantitative determination of the narrow therapeutic index levothyroxine sodium in pharmaceutical tablets. Pharmacia 71:1−9

doi: 10.3897/pharmacia.71.e125879
[11]

Xiong W, Li J, Li B, Wang L. 2019. Physicochemical properties and interfacial dilatational rheological behavior at air-water interface of high intensity ultrasound modified ovalbumin: effect of ionic strength. Food Hydrocolloids 97:105210

doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105210
[12]

Lei W, Liu C, Pan L, Peng C, Wang J, et al. 2021. Screening of probiotic Lactobacilli with potential anti-allergic activity based on hyaluronidase inhibition and degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells in vitro. LWT 140:110707

doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110707
[13]

Wagner A, Alam SB, Kulka M. 2023. The effects of age, origin, and biological sex on rodent mast cell (BMMC and MC/9) and basophil (RBL-2H3) phenotype and function. Cellular Immunology 391:104751

doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104751
[14]

Lin XT, Zhang J, Xie CM. 2023. An optimized protocol to detect protein ubiquitination and activation by ubiquitination assay in vivo and CCK-8 assay. STAR Protocols 4:102199

doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102199
[15]

Ishida M, Matsubara I, Yamauchi S, Nishi K, Sugahara T. 2025. Correlation between the biological activities and the chemical structures of conidendrin-related compounds: (−)-β-conidendrin inhibits degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 89:795−804

doi: 10.1093/bbb/zbaf039
[16]

Passante E, Ehrhardt C, Sheridan H, Frankish N. 2009. RBL-2H3 cells are an imprecise model for mast cell mediator release. Inflammation Research 58:611−618

doi: 10.1007/s00011-009-0028-4
[17]

Lakshmana Senthil S. 2024. A comprehensive review to assess the potential, health benefits and complications of fucoidan for developing as functional ingredient and nutraceutical. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 277:134226

doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134226
[18]

Zhong R, Wan X, Wang D, Zhao C, Liu D, et al. 2020. Polysaccharides from marine Enteromorpha: structure and function. Trends in Food Science & Technology 99:11−20

doi: 10.1016/j.jpgs.2020.02.030
[19]

Chen BJ, Qiao YJ, Yu G, Wang X, Zhang Y, et al. 2024. Sulfation, characterization, antibacterial activity, and action mechanism of rice bran polysaccharides. Food Bioscience 59:103953

doi: 10.1016/j.fbio.2024.103953
[20]

Cui Z, Wang H, Qin L, Yuan Y, Xue J, et al. 2025. Probing the structural elements of polysaccharide adjuvants for enhancing respiratory mucosal response: from surmounting multi-obstacles to eliciting cascade immunity. ACS Nano 19:11012−11028

doi: 10.1021/acsnano.4c16788
[21]

Mulloy B. 2005. The specificity of interactions between proteins and sulfated polysaccharides. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 77:651−664

doi: 10.1590/S0001-37652005000400007
[22]

Heo JH, Je JG, Sim JH, Ryu B, Heo SJ, et al. 2024. Quantitative analysis of fucose in fucoidans from Sargassum spp. in Jeju Island, South Korea using 3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone derivatization and RP-HPLC-UV method. Algal Research 79:103441

doi: 10.1016/j.algal.2024.103441
[23]

Nagahawatta DP, Liyanage NM, Jayawardena TU, Yang F, Jayawardena HHACK, et al. 2023. Functions and values of sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed. Algae 38:217−240

doi: 10.4490/algae.2023.38.12.1
[24]

Lee HG, Jayawardhana HHACK, Yang F, Nagahawaththa DP, Liyanage NM, et al. 2024. Anti-obesity effects of fucoidan from Sargassum thunbergii in adipocytes and high fat diet induced obese mice through inhibiting adipogenic specific transcription factor. Food Science and Human Wellness 13:1608−1616

doi: 10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250136
[25]

Liao Q, Pang L, Li JJ, Zhang C, Li JX, et al. 2022. Characterization and diabetic wound healing benefits of protein-polysaccharide complexes isolated from an animal ethno-medicine Periplaneta americana L. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 195:466−474

doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.018
[26]

Shu Y, Li J, Yang X, Dong X, Wang X. 2019. Effect of particle size on the bioaccessibility of polyphenols and polysaccharides in green tea powder and its antioxidant activity after simulated human digestion. Journal of Food Science and Technology 56:1127−1133

doi: 10.1007/s13197-019-03573-4
[27]

Wang S, Yang J, Shao G, Qu D, Zhao H, et al. 2020. Soy protein isolated-soy hull polysaccharides stabilized O/W emulsion: effect of polysaccharides concentration on the storage stability and interfacial rheological properties. Food Hydrocolloids 101:105490

doi: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105490
[28]

Zhang K, Chen C, Huang Q, Li C, Fu X. 2022. Preparation and characterization of Sargassum pallidum polysaccharide nanoparticles with enhanced antioxidant activity and adsorption capacity. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 208:196−207

doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.082
[29]

Nawy SS, Csóka AB, Mio K, Stern R. 2001. Hyaluronidase activity and hyaluronidase inhibitors: assay using a microtiter-based system. In Proteoglycan Protocols, ed. Iozzo RV. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. pp. 383−389 doi: 10.1385/1-59259-209-0:383

[30]

Nagaraju S, Girish KS, Pan Y, Easely KA, Kemparaju K. 2011. Estimation of serum hyaluronidase activity overcoming the turbidity interference. American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science 24:172−177

doi: 10.29074/ascls.24.3.172
[31]

Li C, Sun H, Gu X, Long W, Zhu G, et al. 2025. Exploring the inhibitory effects of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS) oligosaccharide isolated from Stichopus horrens and the derivatives on P-selectin. Marine Drugs 23:236

doi: 10.3390/md23060236
[32]

Schmaus A, Spataro S, Sallmann P, Möller S, Scapozza L, et al. 2025. A novel, cell-compatible hyaluronidase activity assay identifies dextran sulfates and other sulfated polymeric hydrocarbons as potent inhibitors for CEMIP. Cells 14:101

doi: 10.3390/cells14020101
[33]

Li C, Tian Y, Pei J, Zhang Y, Hao D, et al. 2023. Sea cucumber chondroitin sulfate polysaccharides attenuate OVA-induced food allergy in BALB/c mice associated with gut microbiota metabolism and Treg cell differentiation. Food & Function 14:7375−7386

doi: 10.1039/D3FO00146F
[34]

Yang Z, Wali A, Arken A, Dongmulati N, Hu A, et al. 2024. Purification and characterisation of a homogenised protein from Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) abomasum as a potential hyaluronidase inhibitor. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 59:9108−9116

doi: 10.1111/ijfs.17489
[35]

Jayasinghe AMK, Kirindage KGIS, Fernando IPS, Kim KN, Oh JY, et al. 2023. The anti-inflammatory effect of low molecular weight fucoidan from Sargassum siliquastrum in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages via inhibiting NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways. Marine Drugs 21:347

doi: 10.3390/md21060347
[36]

Zhang J, Hong L, Zhang P, Wang Y, Hong T. 2023. Inhibitory effect of daphnetin on the C48/80-induced pseudo-allergic reaction. International Immunopharmacology 124:110874

doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110874
[37]

Zhang W, Tang R, Ba G, Li M, Lin H. 2020. Anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol via inhibiting TXNIP-oxidative stress pathway in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis. World Allergy Organization Journal 13:100473

doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100473
[38]

Lim S, Oh S, Nguyen QTN, Kim M, Zheng S, et al. 2023. Rosa davurica inhibited allergic mediators by regulating calcium and histamine signaling pathways. Plants 12:1572

doi: 10.3390/plants12071572
[39]

Qiu Z, Qiao Y, Zhang B, Sun-Waterhouse D, Zheng Z. 2022. Bioactive polysaccharides and oligosaccharides from garlic (Allium sativum L.): production, physicochemical and biological properties, and structure-function relationships. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 21:3033−3095

doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12972
[40]

Jiang Y, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Fang JK, Lai KP, et al. 2024. Roles and mechanisms of fucoidan against dermatitis: a review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 279:135268

doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135268
[41]

Kim AR, Kim MJ, Seo J, Moon KM, Lee B. 2024. The beneficial roles of seaweed in atopic dermatitis. Marine Drugs 22:566

doi: 10.3390/md22120566
[42]

Jia N, Zhang S, Chen R, He X, Dai C, et al. 2025. Immunomodulatory functions of algal bioactive compounds. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 65:7133−7150

doi: 10.1080/10408398.2025.2460634
[43]

Yuan L, Qiu Z, Yang Y, Liu C, Zhang R. 2022. Preparation, structural characterization and antioxidant activity of water-soluble polysaccharides and purified fractions from blackened jujube by an activity-oriented approach. Food Chemistry 385:132637

doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132637
[44]

Li D, Wei R, Zhang X, Gong S, Wan M, et al. 2024. Gut commensal metabolite rhamnose promotes macrophages phagocytosis by activating SLC12A4 and protects against sepsis in mice. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 14:3068−3085

doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.025
[45]

Alhussain H, Alghamdi AM, Elamin NY, Rajeh A. 2024. Recent progress in enhanced optical, mechanical, thermal properties, and antibacterial activity of the chitosan/polyvinylalcohol/Co3O4 nanocomposites for optoelectronics and biological applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment 32:3735−3748

doi: 10.1007/s10924-024-03191-y
[46]

Németh Z, Csóka I, Semnani Jazani R, Sipos B, Haspel H, et al. 2022. Quality by design-driven zeta potential optimisation study of liposomes with charge imparting membrane additives. Pharmaceutics 14:1798

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091798
[47]

Kwon DH, Cha HJ, Choi EO, Leem SH, Kim GY, et al. 2018. Schisandrin A suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages by suppressing the NF-κB, MAPKs and PI3K/Akt pathways and activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. International Journal of Molecular Medicine 41:264−274

doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3209
[48]

Nagata Y, Suzuki R. 2022. FcεRI: a master regulator of mast cell functions. Cells 11:622

doi: 10.3390/cells11040622
[49]

Higashio H, Yokoyama T, Saino T. 2024. A convenient fluorimetry-based degranulation assay using RBL-2H3 cells. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 88:181−188

doi: 10.1093/bbb/zbad160