Growth characteristics and pathogenic consequences of predominant entomopathogenic Yukon soil fungi Mortierella alpina and Penicillium expansum, and effectiveness of Met52®, against larvae of the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus
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1.
Department of Biology, Wittenberg University, Springfield, OH, 45501, USA
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2.
Champagne and Aishihik First Nations, Haines Junction, YT, Y0B 1L0, CAN
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3.
Oakley Veterinary Services, Haines, AK, 99827, USA
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Received:
16 April 2019
Revised:
21 May 2019
Published online:
09 June 2019
Studies in Fungi
4(1): 101−110(2019) |
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Abstract
Water activity-temperature relationships are reported for Yukon soil-isolated strains of Mortierella alpina and Penicillium expansum that are natural enemies to larvae (infestation stage) of the winter tick Dermacentor albipictus. Both fungal strains are psychrotrophs, characterized by low thermal growth ranges, consistent with their occurrence in Yukon soil. In contrast to P. expansum, M. alpina is more temperature sensitive, has a higher requirement, and is more virulent to tick larvae. Researchers and Biological Control Officers should note that for tick population control these M. alpina and P. expansum strains grow and sporulate well under moderate temperature and humid conditions. Our experiments used Met52® Bioinsecticide as a positive control, and this is the first study that demonstrates the effectiveness of this commercial product against winter tick larvae.
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Copyright: © 2019 by the author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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JA Yoder, M Krieger, M Oakley, J Trotter, P Schmelzer, A Niksic, BM Rodell, LA Klever. 2019. Growth characteristics and pathogenic consequences of predominant entomopathogenic Yukon soil fungi Mortierella alpina and Penicillium expansum, and effectiveness of Met52®, against larvae of the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus. Studies in Fungi 4(1):101−110 doi: 10.5943/sif/4/1/13
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JA Yoder, M Krieger, M Oakley, J Trotter, P Schmelzer, A Niksic, BM Rodell, LA Klever. 2019. Growth characteristics and pathogenic consequences of predominant entomopathogenic Yukon soil fungi Mortierella alpina and Penicillium expansum, and effectiveness of Met52®, against larvae of the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus. Studies in Fungi 4(1):101−110 doi: 10.5943/sif/4/1/13
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