Search
2023 Volume 8
Article Contents
ARTICLE   Open Access    

A checklist of fungi isolated from honey (2000–2022)

More Information
  • Mycological studies focusing on fungal species thriving on honey related products have a series of critical applications ranging from the expansion of basic scientific knowledge, the exploration of their industrial utilization, understanding their contributions to food spoilage and even environmental pathogen monitoring. During the last two decades, several works dealing with the isolation and characterization of fungal species thriving on honey have been published. Nonetheless, a thorough summarization of these results has not yet been compiled. This work analyses and compiles a checklist of fungi isolated and identified/described from honey nectar, honey blossom and honeydew between the years 2000 and 2022. Based on this assessment, we detected that over 130 entries have been reported from honey samples worldwide. Consequently, this work provides a checklist of such fungi, that will be of interest to mycologists, microbiologists, food scientists working on the topic, and also beekeepers.
  • 加载中
  • [1]

    Pasupuleti VR, Sammugam L, Ramesh N, Gan SH. 2017. Honey, propolis, and royal jelly: A comprehensive review of their biological actions and health benefits. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017:1259510

    doi: 10.1155/2017/1259510

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [2]

    Pereira JAL. 2016. Apicultura em Números e Investigação Apícola em Números.

    [3]

    Estevinho LM, Feás X, Seijas JA, Pilar Vázquez-Tato M. 2012. Organic honey from Trás-Os-Montes region (Portugal): Chemical, palynological, microbiological and bioactive compounds characterization. Food and Chemical Toxicology 50(2):258−64

    doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.034

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [4]

    Rodríguez-Andrade E, Stchigel AM, Terrab A, Guarro J, Cano-Lira JF. 2019. Diversity of xerotolerant and xerophilic fungi in honey. IMA Fungus 10:20

    doi: 10.1186/s43008-019-0021-7

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [5]

    Sinacori M, Francesca N, Alfonzo A, Cruciata M, Sannino C, et al. 2014. Cultivable microorganisms associated with honeys of different geographical and botanical origin. Food Microbiology 38:284−94

    doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.07.013

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [6]

    Carvalho CM, Meirinho S, Estevinho MLF, Choupina A. 2010. Yeast species associated with honey: different identification methods. Archivos De Zootecnia 59:103−13

    doi: 10.4321/s0004-05922010000100011

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [7]

    Felsöciová S, Kacániová M, Hleba L, Petrová J, Pavelková A, et al. 2012. Microscopic fungi isolated from Polish honey. Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences 2(3):1040

    Google Scholar

    [8]

    Kostić A, Milinčić D, Petrović T, Krnjaja V, Stanojević S, et al. 2019. Mycotoxins and Mycotoxin Producing Fungi in Pollen: Review. Toxins 11(2):64

    doi: 10.3390/toxins11020064

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [9]

    Basson NJ, Grobler SR. 2008. Antimicrobial activity of two South African honeys produced from indigenous Leucospermum cordifolium and Erica species on selected micro-organisms. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 8:41

    doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-8-41

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [10]

    Bang LM, Buntting C, Molan P. 2003. The Effect of Dilution on the Rate of Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Honey and Its Implications for Wound Healing. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 9(2):267−73

    doi: 10.1089/10755530360623383

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [11]

    Chen C, Campbell LT, Blair SE, Carter DA. 2012. The effect of standard heat and filtration processing procedures on antimicrobial activity and hydrogen peroxide levels in honey. Frontiers in Microbiology 3:265

    doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00265

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [12]

    Snowdon JA, Cliver DO. 1996. Microorganisms in honey. International Journal of Food Microbiology 31(1−3):1−26

    doi: 10.1016/0168-1605(96)00970-1

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [13]

    Martins H, Martins L, Bernardo F. 2003. Bacillaceae spores, fungi and aflatoxins determination in honey Esporos de Bacillaceae, fungos e aflatoxinas em mel. Revista Portuguesa de Ciências Veterinárias 98(546):85−88

    Google Scholar

    [14]

    Carmen Seijo M, Escuredo O, Fernández-González M. 2011. Fungal diversity in honeys from northwest Spain and their relationship to the ecological origin of the product. Grana 50(1):55−62

    doi: 10.1080/00173134.2011.559555

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [15]

    Kačániová M, Kňazovická V, Felšöciová S, Rovná K. 2012. Microscopic fungi recovered from honey and their toxinogenity. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering 47(11):1659−64

    doi: 10.1080/10934529.2012.687242

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [16]

    Kacániová M, Pavličová S, Haščík P, Kociubinski G, Kńazovická V, et al. 2009. Microbial communities in bees, pollen and honey from Slovakia. Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica 56(3):285−95

    doi: 10.1556/AMicr.56.2009.3.7

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [17]

    Čadež N, Fülöp L, Dlauchy D, Péter G. 2015. Zygosaccharomyces favi sp. nov., an obligate osmophilic yeast species from bee bread and honey. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 107:645−54

    doi: 10.1007/s10482-014-0359-1

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [18]

    Grabowski NT, Klein G. 2015. Microbiology and foodborne pathogens in honey. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 57:1852−62

    doi: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1029041

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [19]

    Jančič S, Nguyen HDT, Frisvad JC, Zalar P, Schroers H, et al. 2015. A taxonomic revision of the Wallemia sebi species complex. PLoS One 10:e0125933

    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125933

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [20]

    Crous PW, Schoch CL, Hyde KD, Wood AR, Gueidan C, et al. 2016. Fungal Planet description sheets: 400–468. Persoonia - Mol. Phylogeny Evol. Fungi 36:316−458

    doi: 10.3767/003158516X692185

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [21]

    Barbosa RN, Leong SL, Vinnere-Pettersson O, Chen AJ, Souza-Motta CM, et al. 2017. Phylogenetic analysis of Monascus and new species from honey, pollen and nests of stingless bees. Studies in Mycology 86(1):29−51

    doi: 10.1016/j.simyco.2017.04.001

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [22]

    Barbosa RN, Bezerra JDP, Souza-Motta CM, Frisvad JC, Samson RA, et al. 2018. New Penicillium and Talaromyces species from honey, pollen and nests of stingless bees. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 111:1883−912

    doi: 10.1007/s10482-018-1081-1

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [23]

    Kiš M, Furmeg S, Jaki Tkalec V, Zadravec M, Denžić Lugomer M, et al. 2018. Characterisation of Croatian honey by physicochemical and microbiological parameters with mold identification. Journal of Food Safety 38(5):e12492

    doi: 10.1111/jfs.12492

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [24]

    Yang H, Hyde KD, Karunarathna SC, Deng C, Gu C, et al. 2018. New species of Camptophora and Cyphellophora from China, and first report of sexual morphs for these genera. Phytotaxa 343(2):149

    doi: 10.11646/phytotaxa.343.2.5

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [25]

    de Assis Carvalho R, Ribeiro AC, Lima CM, da Silva Mariz WP, Silva LS, et al. 2020. Assessment of adulteration and mycoflora identification of honey samples marketed in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Research, Society and Development 9(7):e440974246

    doi: 10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4246

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [26]

    Mašková Z, Kňazovická V, Mančíková V, Tančinová D, Barboráková Z. 2020. Monitoring of microscopic fungi community in selected bee products. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 14:1105−14

    doi: 10.5219/1405

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [27]

    Nasser LA. 2004. Isolation and characterization of fungi contaminating packaged honey commonly consumed in Saudi Arabia. Assiut University Bulletin for Environmental Researches 7(1):1−7

    Google Scholar

    [28]

    Saksinchai S, Suzuki M, Chantawannakul P, Ohkuma M, Lumyong S. 2012. A novel ascosporogenous yeast species, Zygosaccharomyces siamensis, and the sugar tolerant yeasts associated with raw honey collected in Thailand. Fungal Diversity 52(1):123−39

    doi: 10.1007/s13225-011-0115-z

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [29]

    Saksinchai S, Suzuki M, Lumyong S, Ohkuma M, Chantawannakul P. 2012. Two new species of the genus Candida in the Zygoascus clade, Candida lundiana sp. nov. and Candida suthepensis sp. nov., isolated from raw honey in Thailand. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 101(3):633−40

    doi: 10.1007/s10482-011-9677-8

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [30]

    Houbraken J, Kocsubé S, Visagie CM, Yilmaz N, Wang XC, et al. 2020. Classification of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and related genera (Eurotiales): An overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species. Studies in Mycology 95:5−169

    doi: 10.1016/j.simyco.2020.05.002

    CrossRef   Google Scholar

    [31]

    Silva MS, Rabadzhiev Y, Eller MR, Iliev I, Ivanova I, et al. 2017. Microorganisms in Honey. In Honey Analysis, eds. Toledo VAA. UK: IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/67262

  • Cite this article

    Roxo I, Amaral AL, Portugal A, Trovão J. 2023. A checklist of fungi isolated from honey (2000–2022). Studies in Fungi 8:14 doi: 10.48130/SIF-2023-0014
    Roxo I, Amaral AL, Portugal A, Trovão J. 2023. A checklist of fungi isolated from honey (2000–2022). Studies in Fungi 8:14 doi: 10.48130/SIF-2023-0014

Tables(1)

Article Metrics

Article views(3991) PDF downloads(1188)

ARTICLE   Open Access    

A checklist of fungi isolated from honey (2000–2022)

Studies in Fungi  8 Article number: 14  (2023)  |  Cite this article

Abstract: Mycological studies focusing on fungal species thriving on honey related products have a series of critical applications ranging from the expansion of basic scientific knowledge, the exploration of their industrial utilization, understanding their contributions to food spoilage and even environmental pathogen monitoring. During the last two decades, several works dealing with the isolation and characterization of fungal species thriving on honey have been published. Nonetheless, a thorough summarization of these results has not yet been compiled. This work analyses and compiles a checklist of fungi isolated and identified/described from honey nectar, honey blossom and honeydew between the years 2000 and 2022. Based on this assessment, we detected that over 130 entries have been reported from honey samples worldwide. Consequently, this work provides a checklist of such fungi, that will be of interest to mycologists, microbiologists, food scientists working on the topic, and also beekeepers.

    • Beekeeping (or apiculture) is a zootechnical activity that aims to sustain and exploit, economically and rationally, the domestic bee Apis mellifera, in an effort to obtain their direct products and by-products. Goods such as honey, propolis, pollens, royal jelly, bee bread, waxes and apitoxins (bee venoms) have a wide and diverse range of applications, including in the cosmetic, food, pharmacological and therapeutical industries[1]. This is noted, for instance, in the expansion of apitherapy (an alternative therapy that uses products coming directly from honeybees) in Western cultures in the last few years[2]. Moreover, beekeeping is also considered a valuable example of an environmentally sustainable production system, with notorious positive impacts on global biodiversity and agriculture. Overall, this activity is mainly characterized by three advantageous outcomes, namely: (1) a confluence of economic interests (by the production of honey and by-products of the hive, which can provide financial gains), (2) social impact (since it contributes to the fixation of the rural population in territories where other economic activities are hard to be develop or maintain), and (3) a contribution to environmental conservation, sustainability and health (through pollination of cultivated and wild fields)[3].

      According to the European Union and Portuguese legislation (Decree-Law 179/2004) and the Codex Alimentarius (CODEX STAN 12-1981), honey is a natural sweetener produced by honey bees from: (1) flower nectars (blossom honey or nectar honey), or (2) carbohydrate-rich secretions of plants or even excretions of plant-sucking phytophagous aphids (honeydew), after combination with the animal specific molecules, placement, dehydration, and storage in the honey comb (to ripen and mature)[46]. Honey is composed by sugars turned into a super saturated solution containing mainly the monosaccharides (fructose and glucose, in a concentration not lower than 60%) and by a much lesser amount of oligosaccharides, organic acids, enzymes (amylases and α-glucosidase) and colloidal particles[4].

      The quality of honey is mainly determined by its sensorial, chemical, physical and microbiological characteristics. From a microbiological perspective, honey can have two sources of contamination by microorganisms: (1) primary sources: including pollen, the digestive tracts of honey bees, dust, air, soil and nectar (more difficult to control), and (2) secondary sources: arising from human honey manipulation, while also including risks related to air quality, food handlers, cross-contamination and the sanitary state of the equipment and buildings used in the process (more easily controlled by good manufacturing practices)[7]. And though the European Commission sets maximum levels of mycotoxins for various types of food products, they are often incomplete when considering bee products[8].

      Honey spoilage is not an often-reported phenomenon, mainly due to their associated antimicrobial properties, which result from several different factors. These include contributions from the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), floral source, low pH, low moisture content, low redox potential, low protein content, high osmolarity, high viscosity and limitations to oxygen penetration[912]. On the other hand, an important physicochemical property that can affect the development of microorganisms in honey is the substrate low water activity (aw), which inhibits the growth of almost all organisms[12]. Nonetheless, if the moisture content is high enough (above 21%), xerotolerant and xerophile microorganisms can develop causing honey fermentation and spoilage[4,12]. The microbes of interest in honey are primarily yeasts, fungi and spore-forming bacteria, since their presence can influence the products stability and sanitary quality. Since bees collect pollens and nectars, yeast and fungi presence in honey is unavoidable[5,7] and examples of filamentous fungi usually found in honey encompass Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor and Monascus, along with some osmophile yeasts such as Saccharomyces[7,13]. Moreover, additional common fungal contaminants of honey are the obligate xerophiles Ascosphaera apis and Bettsia alvei, several xerotolerant species[4], various species of plant pathogenic fungi[14], mycotoxin-producing species[15], and fungi commonly found in pollens and the digestive tract of bees[16].

      During the last two decades, several studies focusing on the isolation and characterization of fungal species thriving in honey have been published. However, a thorough summary of these results has not been compiled so far. With this in mind, the aim of this work is to elicit a checklist of fungi isolated from honey, honey blossom and honeydew, during the time period of 2000 to 2022. As such, this work provides critical information that can be helpful to mycologists, beekeepers and the industrial sector to improve honey and quality and production levels.

    • The present checklist is based on a survey of scientific papers using morphological and/or molecular methods to identify fungal taxa isolated from honey, honey blossom and honeydew, during the time period of 2000 to 2022[47,13,1529]. Moreover, the checklist was annotated to contain currently accepted fungal names according to the Index Fungorum (www.indexfungorum.org) to provide an up-to-date analysis and facilitate future knowledge sharing.

    • Table 1.  Fungi isolated and identified from honey, honey blossom and honeydew between 2000 and 2022.

      ClassOrderFamilyGenusSynonymStudied substrate:
      Phylum Ascomycota Caval.-Sm.
      Dothideomycetes
      O.E. Erikss. & Winka
      Capnodiales Woron.Cladosporiaceae Chalm. & R.G. ArchibaldCladosporium LinkCladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) G.A. de Vries.Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5, 16, 27].
      Cladosporium sp. Link.Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[7, 15, 18, 23, 2526].
      Dothideales LindauSaccotheciaceae Bonord.Aureobasidium Viala & G. BoyerAureobasidium pullulans (de Bary & Löwenthal) G. Arnaud.Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5].
      Aureobasidium sp. Viala & G. Boyer.Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[23, 26].
      Incertae sedisSeuratiaceae Vuill. ex M.E. BarrAtichia Flot.Atichia sp. Flot..Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      Seuratia Pat.Seuratia sp. Pat..Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      Mytilinidiales E. Boehm, C.L. Schoch & SpataforaMytilinidiaceae Kirschst.Peyronelia Cif. & Gonz. Frag.Peyronelia sp. Cif. & Gonz. Frag..Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      leosporales Luttr. ex M.E. BarrPleosporaceae NitschkeAlternaria NeesAlternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl..Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5, 16].
      Alternaria multiformis (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Alternaria sp. Nees.Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[7, 15, 18, 23, 26].
      Stemphylium Wallr.Stemphylium sp. Wallr..Honey Blossom[26].
      Didymellaceae Gruyter, Aveskamp & VerkleyEpicoccum LinkEpicoccum sp. Link.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[15, 18].
      Phoma Sacc.Phoma sp. Sacc..Honey Blossom; Honeydew[15, 18].
      Torulaceae CordaTorula Pers.Torula mellis Fabian & Quinet.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      Torula sp. Pers..Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      Eurotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & WinkaAscosphaerales Gäum. ex Benny & Kimbr.Ascosphaeraceae L.S. Olive & SpiltoirAscosphaera L.S. Olive & SpiltoirAscosphaera atra Skou & K. Hackett.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Ascosphaera sp. L.S. Olive & Spiltoir.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      Bettsia SkouBettsia alvei (Betts) Skou ex Pitt, Lantz, Pettersson & Leong.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4; 18].
      Chaetothyriales M.E. BarrCyphellophoraceae Réblová & Unter.Cyphellophora G.A. de VriesCyphellophora jingdongensis H. Yang & K.D. Hyde.Nectar Honey[24].
      Eurotiales G.W. Martin ex Benny & Kimbr.Aspergillaceae LinkAspergillus P. Micheli ex Haller.Aspergillus discophorus Samson, Zalar & Frisvad.Emericella discophora.Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5].
      Aspergillus nidulans (Eidam) G. Winter.Emericella nidulans.Nectar Honey[27].
      Aspergillus qinqixianii Y. Horie, Abliz & R.Y. Li.Emericella qinqixianii.Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5].
      Aspergillus asperescens Stolk.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Aspergillus candidus Link.Nectar Honey; Honeydew[13, 16, 27].
      Aspergillus clavatus Desm..Honey Blossom; Honeydew[15].
      Aspergillus flavus Link.Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[13, 1516, 27].
      Aspergillus fumigatus Fresen..Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[7, 13, 1516, 27].
      Aspergillus montevidensis Talice & J.A. Mackinnon.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Aspergillus niger Tiegh..Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[5, 7, 13, 1516, 27].
      Aspergillus ochraceus G. Wilh..Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[1516].
      Aspergillus proliferans G. Sm..Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5].
      Aspergillus pseudoglaucus Blochwitz.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Aspergillus sp. P. Micheli ex Haller.Emericella sp. and Eurotium sp..Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[7, 15, 18, 2526].
      Aspergillus spelunceus Raper & Fennell.Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5].
      Aspergillus terreus Thom.Nectar Honey[16].
      Aspergillus versicolor (Vuill.) Tirab..Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[1516, 27].
      Paecilomyces BainierPaecilomyces sp. Bainier.Nectar Honey; Honey Blossom[23].
      Penicillium LinkPenicillium italicum Wehmer.Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5].
      Penicillium solitum Westling.Penicillium crustosum.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      Penicillium apimei R.N. Barbosa, Souza-Motta, N.T. Oliveira & Houbraken.Nectar Honey[21].
      Penicillium aurantiogriseum Dierckx.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[15].
      Penicillium brevicompactum Dierckx.Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[7, 15, 18].
      Penicillium brocae S.W. Peterson, Jeann. Pérez, F.E. Vega & Infante.Nectar Honey[21].
      Penicillium camemberti Thom.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Penicillium chrysogenum Thom.Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[7, 15, 18].
      Penicillium citrinum Thom.Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[4, 15, 21].
      Penicillium commune Thom.Nectar Honey[7].
      Penicillium corylophilum Dierckx.Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[4,5, 7, 15, 27].
      Penicillium cravenianum Visagie & K. Jacobs.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Penicillium decumbens Thom.Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5].
      Penicillium echinulatum Biourge.Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5].
      Penicillium expansum Link.Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[7, 15].
      Penicillium griseofulvum Dierckx.Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[7, 15, 18].
      Penicillium sp. Link.Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[5, 13, 15,16, 18, 21, 23, 25,26].
      Penicillium meliponae R.N. Barbosa, Souza-Motta, N.T. Oliveira & Houbraken.Nectar Honey[21].
      Penicillium mellis R.N. Barbosa, Souza-Motta, N.T. Oliveira & Houbraken.Nectar Honey[21].
      Penicillium polonicum K.W. Zaleski.Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5, 7].
      Penicillium raistrickii G. Sm..Honey Blossom; Honeydew[15].
      Penicillium sclerotiorum J.F.H. Beyma.Nectar Honey[21].
      Penicillium wotroi Houbraken, López-Quint., Frisvad & Samson.Nectar Honey[21].
      Talaromyces C.R. Benj.Talaromyces affinitatimellis Rodr.-Andr., Stchigel & Cano.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Talaromyces basipetosporus Stchigel, Cano & Rodr.-Andr..Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Talaromyces brunneosporus Rodr.-Andr., Cano & Stchigel.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Talaromyces funiculosus (Thom) Samson, N. Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert.Penicillium funiculosum.Nectar Honey[27].
      Talaromyces brasiliensis R.N. Barbosa, Souza-Motta, N.T. Oliveira & Houbraken.Nectar Honey[21].
      Talaromyces scorteus (Nakaz., Y. Takeda & Suematsu) S.W. Peterson & Jurjević.Nectar Honey[21].
      Xerochrysium PittXerochrysium xerophilum (Pitt) Pitt.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Monascaceae J. Schröt.Monascus Tiegh.Monascus mellicola R.N. Barbosa, Souza-Motta, N.T. Oliveira & Houbraken.Nectar Honey[21].
      Monascus pilosus K. Satô ex D. Hawksw. & Pitt.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Monascus purpureus Went.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Monascus ruber Tiegh..Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Incertae sedisEremascaceae Engl. & E. GilgEremascus EidamEremascus albus Eidam.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Onygenales Cif. ex Benny & Kimbr.Helicoarthrosporaceae Stchigel, Rodr.-Andrade & CanoHelicoarthrosporum Stchigel, Cano & Rodríguez-AndradeHelicoarthrosporum mellicola Stchigel, Cano & Rodríguez-Andrade.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Incertae sedisStrongyloarthrosporum Rodr.-Andr., Cano & StchigelStrongyloarthrosporum catenulatum Rodr.-Andr., Cano & Stchigel.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Leotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & WinkaHelotiales Nannf.Incertae sedisConiothecium CordaConiothecium sp. Corda.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      Triposporium CordaTriposporium sp. Corda.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      Myxotrichaceae Locq. ex CurrahOidiodendron RobakOidiodendron mellicola Rodr.-Andr., Cano & Stchigel.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Skoua A.A. WynnsSkoua asexualis Rodr.-Andr., Cano & Stchigel.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Skoua fertilis (Stoppel) A.A. Wynns.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Sclerotiniaceae WhetzelBotrytis Micheli ex Pers.Botrytis sp. P. Micheli ex Pers..Honey Blossom; Honeydew[15, 18].
      Saccharomycetes G. WinterIncertae sedisIncertae sedisOosporidium StautzOosporidium sp. Stautz.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      Saccharomycetales Luerss.Incertae sedisCandida BerkhoutCandida sp. Berkhout.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      Candida lundiana Saks., M. Suzuki, Lumyong, Ohkuma & Chantaw.Nectar Honey[29].
      Candida parapsilosis (Ashford) Langeron & Talice.Nectar Honey[6].
      Candida suthepensis Saks., M. Suzuki, Lumyong, Ohkuma & Chantaw..Nectar Honey[29].
      Starmerella C.A. Rosa & LachanceStarmerella magnoliae (Lodder & Kreger-van Rij) C.A. Rosa & Lachance.Candida magnoliae.Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[4, 6].
      Starmerella sorbosivorans (S.A. James, C.J. Bond & I.N. Roberts) C.A. Rosa & Lachance.Candida sorbosivorans.Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[4, 6].
      Lipomycetaceae E.K. Novák & ZsoltLipomyces Lodder & Kreger-van RijLipomyces sp. Lodder & Kreger-van Rij.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      Saccharomycetaceae G.WinterDebaryomyces KlöckerDebaryomyces hansenii (Zopf) Lodder & Kreger-van Rij.Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5].
      Pichia E.C. HansenPichia sp. E.C. Hansen.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      Pichia membranifaciens (E.C. Hansen) E.C. Hansen.Nectar Honey[6].
      Saccharomyces MeyenSaccharomyces sp. Meyen.Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[13, 18].
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Desm.) Meyen.Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[6, 18].
      Schwanniomyces KlöckerSchwanniomyces sp. Klöcker.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      Zygosaccharomyces B.T.P. BarkerZygosaccharomyces favi G. Péter, Čadež & Dlauchy.Nectar Honey[17].
      Zygosaccharomyces gambellarensis Torriani, M. Lorenzini, Salvetti & Felis.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Zygosaccharomyces mellis Fabian & Quinet.Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[46, 18].
      Zygosaccharomyces priorianus Klöcker.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      Zygosaccharomyces rouxii (Boutroux) Yarrow.Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[6, 18].
      Zygosaccharomyces siamensis Saks., M. Suzuki, Chantaw., Ohkuma & Lumyong.Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[4, 29].
      Zygosaccharomyces sp. B.T.P. Barker.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      Trichomonascaceae Kurtzman & RobnettBlastobotrys KlopotekBlastobotrys meliponae R.N. Barbosa, Boekhout, G.A. Silva, Souza-Motta & N. Oliveira.Nectar Honey; Honeydew[19].
      Wickerhamomycetaceae Kurtzman, Robnett & Bas.-PowersWickerhamomyces Kurtzman, Robnett & Bas.-PowersWickerhamomyces sp. Kurtzman, Robnett & Bas.-Powers.Hansenula sp..Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      Schizosaccharomycetes O.E. Erikss. & WinkaSchizosaccharomycetales O.E. Erikss.Schizosaccharomycetaceae Beij. ex KlöckerSchizosaccharomyces LindnerSchizosaccharomyces sp. Lindner.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      Schizosaccharomyces octosporus Beij.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      Sordariomycetes O.E. Erikss. & WinkaHypocreales LindauCordycipitaceae Kreisel ex G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & SpataforaEngyodontium de HoogEngyodontium sp. de Hoog.Nectar Honey[25].
      Hypocreaceae De Not.Trichoderma Pers.Trichoderma hamatum (Bonord.) Bainier.Nectar Honey[27].
      Trichoderma sp. Pers..Honey Blossom; Honeydew[15, 18].
      Incertae sedisAcremonium LinkAcremonium sp. Link.Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[16, 18].
      Sarocladium W. Gams & D. Hawksw.Sarocladium strictum (W. Gams) Summerb..Acremonium strictum.Nectar Honey[27].
      Sarocladium sp. W. Gams & D. Hawksw..Cephalosporium sp..Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      Nectriaceae Tul. & C. Tul.Fusarium LinkFusarium sp. Link.Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[7, 1516, 18].
      Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl.Nectar Honey[27].
      Stachybotryaceae L. Lombard & CrousStachybotrys CordaStachybotrys sp. Corda.Nectar Honey; Honey Blossom[23].
      Incertae sedisApiosporaceae K.D. Hyde, J. Fröhl., Joanne E. Taylor & M.E. BarrArthrinium KunzeArthrinium sp. Kunze.Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[5, 26].
      Sordariales Chadef. ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss.Chaetomiaceae G. WinterBotryotrichum Sacc. & MarchalBotryotrichum atrogriseum J.F.H. Beyma.Nectar Honey[27].
      Chaetomium KunzeChaetomium globosum Kunze.Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5].
      Chaetomium sp. Kunze.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]
      Trichocladium HarzTrichocladium griseum (Traaen) X. Wei Wang & Houbraken.
      Xylariales Nannf.Hypoxylaceae DC.Daldinia Ces. & De Not.Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De Not..Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5].
      Phylum Basidiomycota R.T. Moore
      Microbotryomycetes R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw.Sporidiobolales DoweldSporidiobolaceae R.T. MooreRhodotorula F.C. HarrisonRhodotorula sp. F.C. Harrison.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (A. Jörg.) F.C. HarrisonNectar Honey[6].
      Tremellomycetes DoweldFilobasidiales JülichFilobasidiaceae L.S. OliveNaganishia GotoNaganishia uzbekistanensis (Á. Fonseca, Scorzetti; Fell) Xin Zhan Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout.Cryptococcus uzbekistanensis.Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5].
      Tremellales Fr.Cryptococcaceae Kütz. ex Castell. & Chalm.Cryptococcus Vuill.Cryptococcus neoformans (San Felice) Vuill..Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18].
      Trichosporonales Boekhout & FellTrichosporonaceae Nann.Cutaneotrichosporon Xin Zhan Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & BoekhoutCutaneotrichosporon mucoides (E. Guého; M.T. Sm.) Xin Zhan Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout.Nectar Honey[6].
      Vanrija R.T. MooreVanrija humicola (Dasz.) R.T. Moore.Nectar Honey[6].
      Ustilaginomycetes Warm.Ustilaginales Bek.Ustilaginaceae Tul. & C. Tul.Not determined.Ustilaginaceae sp. Tul. & C. Tul..Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]
      Wallemiomycetes Zalar, de Hoog & SchroersWallemiales Zalar, de Hoog & SchroersWallemiaceae R.T. MooreWallemia Johan-OlsenWallemia hederae S. Jančič, Zalar & Gunde Cimerman..Nectar Honey[19].
      Wallemia mellicola Jancic, Nguyen, Seifert & Gunde-Cimerman..Nectar Honey[19].
      Phylum Mucoromycota Doweld
      Mucoromycetes DoweldMucorales Dumort.Cunninghamellaceae Naumov ex R.K. Benj.Cunninghamella Matr.Cunninghamella elegans Lendn..Cunninghamella bertholletiae.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Mucoraceae Fr.Mucor P. Micheli ex L.Mucor hiemalis Wehmer..Nectar Honey[16].
      Mucor sp. P. Micheli ex L..Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[13, 15, 18, 23, 26].
      Mucor plumbeus Bonord..Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4].
      Mucor racemosus Bull..Nectar Honey[16].
      Rhizopus Ehrenb.Rhizopus arrhizus A. Fisch..Rhizopus oryzae.Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]
      Rhizopus sp. Ehrenb..Nectar Honey[7].
      Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill..Nectar Honey[16].
      Peronosporaceae sp. de Bary and Pythium sp. Pringsh., have also been isolated, identified and noted as fungi, from Honey Blossom and Honeydew samples[18].
    • So far, more than 130 entries have been reported from honey samples worldwide. Overall, the most represented genera are Penicillium (23 species), Aspergillus (17 species), Zygosaccharomyces (seven species) and Talaromyces (six species). Consequently, most representative fungal families isolated from honey are Aspergillaceae, Saccharomycetaceae and Trichocomaceae. Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces species are considered to hold important industrial and pharmacological applications, but also to be associated with food spoilage, mycotoxins production, and human and plant diseases (e.g., Houbraken et al.[30]). Due to the ability of various of the identified species to produce both mycotoxins and other extracellular enzymes and organic acids, their study is also of significant industrial interest[31]. Indeed, the industrial applications of Saccharomycetaceae and their ability to act as food spoilage yeasts is well known. Moreover, the detection of common bee pathogens (e.g., Monascus mellicola) also highlights the importance of such studies to monitor bee pathogens and, consequently, maintain or improve ecosystem balance and biodiversity.

      • This work was partially carried out in the R&D Unit Centre for Functional Ecology – Science for People & the Planet (CFE), with reference UIDB/04004/2020 and Associate Laboratory TERRA, with reference LA/P/0092/2020, financed by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC). This research was co-funded by PRR—Recovery and Resilience Plan and by the NextGeneration EU European Funds.

      • The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

      • Copyright: © 2023 by the author(s). Published by Maximum Academic Press, Fayetteville, GA. This article is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
    Table (1) References (31)
  • About this article
    Cite this article
    Roxo I, Amaral AL, Portugal A, Trovão J. 2023. A checklist of fungi isolated from honey (2000–2022). Studies in Fungi 8:14 doi: 10.48130/SIF-2023-0014
    Roxo I, Amaral AL, Portugal A, Trovão J. 2023. A checklist of fungi isolated from honey (2000–2022). Studies in Fungi 8:14 doi: 10.48130/SIF-2023-0014

Catalog

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return