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Table 1. Fungi isolated and identified from honey, honey blossom and honeydew between 2000 and 2022.
Class Order Family Genus Synonym Studied substrate: Phylum Ascomycota Caval.-Sm. Dothideomycetes
O.E. Erikss. & WinkaCapnodiales Woron. Cladosporiaceae Chalm. & R.G. Archibald Cladosporium Link Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) G.A. de Vries. Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5, 16, 27]. Cladosporium sp. Link. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[7, 15, 18, 23, 25−26]. Dothideales Lindau Saccotheciaceae Bonord. Aureobasidium Viala & G. Boyer Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary & Löwenthal) G. Arnaud. Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5]. Aureobasidium sp. Viala & G. Boyer. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[23, 26]. Incertae sedis Seuratiaceae Vuill. ex M.E. Barr Atichia Flot. Atichia sp. Flot.. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. Seuratia Pat. Seuratia sp. Pat.. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. Mytilinidiales E. Boehm, C.L. Schoch & Spatafora Mytilinidiaceae Kirschst. Peyronelia Cif. & Gonz. Frag. Peyronelia sp. Cif. & Gonz. Frag.. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. leosporales Luttr. ex M.E. Barr Pleosporaceae Nitschke Alternaria Nees Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl.. Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5, 16]. Alternaria multiformis (E.G. Simmons) Woudenb. & Crous. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Alternaria sp. Nees. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[7, 15, 18, 23, 26]. Stemphylium Wallr. Stemphylium sp. Wallr.. Honey Blossom[26]. Didymellaceae Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley Epicoccum Link Epicoccum sp. Link. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[15, 18]. Phoma Sacc. Phoma sp. Sacc.. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[15, 18]. Torulaceae Corda Torula Pers. Torula mellis Fabian & Quinet. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. Torula sp. Pers.. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. Eurotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka Ascosphaerales Gäum. ex Benny & Kimbr. Ascosphaeraceae L.S. Olive & Spiltoir Ascosphaera L.S. Olive & Spiltoir Ascosphaera atra Skou & K. Hackett. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Ascosphaera sp. L.S. Olive & Spiltoir. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. Bettsia Skou Bettsia alvei (Betts) Skou ex Pitt, Lantz, Pettersson & Leong. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4; 18]. Chaetothyriales M.E. Barr Cyphellophoraceae Réblová & Unter. Cyphellophora G.A. de Vries Cyphellophora jingdongensis H. Yang & K.D. Hyde. Nectar Honey[24]. Eurotiales G.W. Martin ex Benny & Kimbr. Aspergillaceae Link Aspergillus P. Micheli ex Haller. Aspergillus discophorus Samson, Zalar & Frisvad. Emericella discophora. Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5]. Aspergillus nidulans (Eidam) G. Winter. Emericella nidulans. Nectar Honey[27]. Aspergillus qinqixianii Y. Horie, Abliz & R.Y. Li. Emericella qinqixianii. Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5]. Aspergillus asperescens Stolk. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Aspergillus candidus Link. Nectar Honey; Honeydew[13, 16, 27]. Aspergillus clavatus Desm.. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[15]. Aspergillus flavus Link. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[13, 15−16, 27]. Aspergillus fumigatus Fresen.. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[7, 13, 15−16, 27]. Aspergillus montevidensis Talice & J.A. Mackinnon. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Aspergillus niger Tiegh.. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[5, 7, 13, 15−16, 27]. Aspergillus ochraceus G. Wilh.. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[15−16]. Aspergillus proliferans G. Sm.. Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5]. Aspergillus pseudoglaucus Blochwitz. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Aspergillus sp. P. Micheli ex Haller. Emericella sp. and Eurotium sp.. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[7, 15, 18, 25−26]. Aspergillus spelunceus Raper & Fennell. Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5]. Aspergillus terreus Thom. Nectar Honey[16]. Aspergillus versicolor (Vuill.) Tirab.. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[15−16, 27]. Paecilomyces Bainier Paecilomyces sp. Bainier. Nectar Honey; Honey Blossom[23]. Penicillium Link Penicillium italicum Wehmer. Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5]. Penicillium solitum Westling. Penicillium crustosum. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. Penicillium apimei R.N. Barbosa, Souza-Motta, N.T. Oliveira & Houbraken. Nectar Honey[21]. Penicillium aurantiogriseum Dierckx. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[15]. Penicillium brevicompactum Dierckx. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[7, 15, 18]. Penicillium brocae S.W. Peterson, Jeann. Pérez, F.E. Vega & Infante. Nectar Honey[21]. Penicillium camemberti Thom. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Penicillium chrysogenum Thom. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[7, 15, 18]. Penicillium citrinum Thom. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[4, 15, 21]. Penicillium commune Thom. Nectar Honey[7]. Penicillium corylophilum Dierckx. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[4,5, 7, 15, 27]. Penicillium cravenianum Visagie & K. Jacobs. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Penicillium decumbens Thom. Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5]. Penicillium echinulatum Biourge. Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5]. Penicillium expansum Link. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[7, 15]. Penicillium griseofulvum Dierckx. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[7, 15, 18]. Penicillium sp. Link. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[5, 13, 15,16, 18, 21, 23, 25,26]. Penicillium meliponae R.N. Barbosa, Souza-Motta, N.T. Oliveira & Houbraken. Nectar Honey[21]. Penicillium mellis R.N. Barbosa, Souza-Motta, N.T. Oliveira & Houbraken. Nectar Honey[21]. Penicillium polonicum K.W. Zaleski. Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5, 7]. Penicillium raistrickii G. Sm.. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[15]. Penicillium sclerotiorum J.F.H. Beyma. Nectar Honey[21]. Penicillium wotroi Houbraken, López-Quint., Frisvad & Samson. Nectar Honey[21]. Talaromyces C.R. Benj. Talaromyces affinitatimellis Rodr.-Andr., Stchigel & Cano. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Talaromyces basipetosporus Stchigel, Cano & Rodr.-Andr.. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Talaromyces brunneosporus Rodr.-Andr., Cano & Stchigel. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Talaromyces funiculosus (Thom) Samson, N. Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert. Penicillium funiculosum. Nectar Honey[27]. Talaromyces brasiliensis R.N. Barbosa, Souza-Motta, N.T. Oliveira & Houbraken. Nectar Honey[21]. Talaromyces scorteus (Nakaz., Y. Takeda & Suematsu) S.W. Peterson & Jurjević. Nectar Honey[21]. Xerochrysium Pitt Xerochrysium xerophilum (Pitt) Pitt. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Monascaceae J. Schröt. Monascus Tiegh. Monascus mellicola R.N. Barbosa, Souza-Motta, N.T. Oliveira & Houbraken. Nectar Honey[21]. Monascus pilosus K. Satô ex D. Hawksw. & Pitt. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Monascus purpureus Went. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Monascus ruber Tiegh.. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Incertae sedis Eremascaceae Engl. & E. Gilg Eremascus Eidam Eremascus albus Eidam. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Onygenales Cif. ex Benny & Kimbr. Helicoarthrosporaceae Stchigel, Rodr.-Andrade & Cano Helicoarthrosporum Stchigel, Cano & Rodríguez-Andrade Helicoarthrosporum mellicola Stchigel, Cano & Rodríguez-Andrade. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Incertae sedis Strongyloarthrosporum Rodr.-Andr., Cano & Stchigel Strongyloarthrosporum catenulatum Rodr.-Andr., Cano & Stchigel. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Leotiomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka Helotiales Nannf. Incertae sedis Coniothecium Corda Coniothecium sp. Corda. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. Triposporium Corda Triposporium sp. Corda. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. Myxotrichaceae Locq. ex Currah Oidiodendron Robak Oidiodendron mellicola Rodr.-Andr., Cano & Stchigel. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Skoua A.A. Wynns Skoua asexualis Rodr.-Andr., Cano & Stchigel. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Skoua fertilis (Stoppel) A.A. Wynns. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Sclerotiniaceae Whetzel Botrytis Micheli ex Pers. Botrytis sp. P. Micheli ex Pers.. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[15, 18]. Saccharomycetes G. Winter Incertae sedis Incertae sedis Oosporidium Stautz Oosporidium sp. Stautz. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. Saccharomycetales Luerss. Incertae sedis Candida Berkhout Candida sp. Berkhout. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. Candida lundiana Saks., M. Suzuki, Lumyong, Ohkuma & Chantaw. Nectar Honey[29]. Candida parapsilosis (Ashford) Langeron & Talice. Nectar Honey[6]. Candida suthepensis Saks., M. Suzuki, Lumyong, Ohkuma & Chantaw.. Nectar Honey[29]. Starmerella C.A. Rosa & Lachance Starmerella magnoliae (Lodder & Kreger-van Rij) C.A. Rosa & Lachance. Candida magnoliae. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[4, 6]. Starmerella sorbosivorans (S.A. James, C.J. Bond & I.N. Roberts) C.A. Rosa & Lachance. Candida sorbosivorans. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[4, 6]. Lipomycetaceae E.K. Novák & Zsolt Lipomyces Lodder & Kreger-van Rij Lipomyces sp. Lodder & Kreger-van Rij. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. Saccharomycetaceae G.Winter Debaryomyces Klöcker Debaryomyces hansenii (Zopf) Lodder & Kreger-van Rij. Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5]. Pichia E.C. Hansen Pichia sp. E.C. Hansen. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. Pichia membranifaciens (E.C. Hansen) E.C. Hansen. Nectar Honey[6]. Saccharomyces Meyen Saccharomyces sp. Meyen. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[13, 18]. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Desm.) Meyen. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[6, 18]. Schwanniomyces Klöcker Schwanniomyces sp. Klöcker. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. Zygosaccharomyces B.T.P. Barker Zygosaccharomyces favi G. Péter, Čadež & Dlauchy. Nectar Honey[17]. Zygosaccharomyces gambellarensis Torriani, M. Lorenzini, Salvetti & Felis. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Zygosaccharomyces mellis Fabian & Quinet. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[4−6, 18]. Zygosaccharomyces priorianus Klöcker. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. Zygosaccharomyces rouxii (Boutroux) Yarrow. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[6, 18]. Zygosaccharomyces siamensis Saks., M. Suzuki, Chantaw., Ohkuma & Lumyong. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[4, 29]. Zygosaccharomyces sp. B.T.P. Barker. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. Trichomonascaceae Kurtzman & Robnett Blastobotrys Klopotek Blastobotrys meliponae R.N. Barbosa, Boekhout, G.A. Silva, Souza-Motta & N. Oliveira. Nectar Honey; Honeydew[19]. Wickerhamomycetaceae Kurtzman, Robnett & Bas.-Powers Wickerhamomyces Kurtzman, Robnett & Bas.-Powers Wickerhamomyces sp. Kurtzman, Robnett & Bas.-Powers. Hansenula sp.. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. Schizosaccharomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka Schizosaccharomycetales O.E. Erikss. Schizosaccharomycetaceae Beij. ex Klöcker Schizosaccharomyces Lindner Schizosaccharomyces sp. Lindner. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. Schizosaccharomyces octosporus Beij. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. Sordariomycetes O.E. Erikss. & Winka Hypocreales Lindau Cordycipitaceae Kreisel ex G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora Engyodontium de Hoog Engyodontium sp. de Hoog. Nectar Honey[25]. Hypocreaceae De Not. Trichoderma Pers. Trichoderma hamatum (Bonord.) Bainier. Nectar Honey[27]. Trichoderma sp. Pers.. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[15, 18]. Incertae sedis Acremonium Link Acremonium sp. Link. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[16, 18]. Sarocladium W. Gams & D. Hawksw. Sarocladium strictum (W. Gams) Summerb.. Acremonium strictum. Nectar Honey[27]. Sarocladium sp. W. Gams & D. Hawksw.. Cephalosporium sp.. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. Nectriaceae Tul. & C. Tul. Fusarium Link Fusarium sp. Link. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[7, 15−16, 18]. Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. Nectar Honey[27]. Stachybotryaceae L. Lombard & Crous Stachybotrys Corda Stachybotrys sp. Corda. Nectar Honey; Honey Blossom[23]. Incertae sedis Apiosporaceae K.D. Hyde, J. Fröhl., Joanne E. Taylor & M.E. Barr Arthrinium Kunze Arthrinium sp. Kunze. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[5, 26]. Sordariales Chadef. ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss. Chaetomiaceae G. Winter Botryotrichum Sacc. & Marchal Botryotrichum atrogriseum J.F.H. Beyma. Nectar Honey[27]. Chaetomium Kunze Chaetomium globosum Kunze. Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5]. Chaetomium sp. Kunze. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18] Trichocladium Harz Trichocladium griseum (Traaen) X. Wei Wang & Houbraken. Xylariales Nannf. Hypoxylaceae DC. Daldinia Ces. & De Not. Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De Not.. Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5]. Phylum Basidiomycota R.T. Moore Microbotryomycetes R. Bauer, Begerow, J.P. Samp., M. Weiss & Oberw. Sporidiobolales Doweld Sporidiobolaceae R.T. Moore Rhodotorula F.C. Harrison Rhodotorula sp. F.C. Harrison. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (A. Jörg.) F.C. Harrison Nectar Honey[6]. Tremellomycetes Doweld Filobasidiales Jülich Filobasidiaceae L.S. Olive Naganishia Goto Naganishia uzbekistanensis (Á. Fonseca, Scorzetti; Fell) Xin Zhan Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout. Cryptococcus uzbekistanensis. Nectar Honey; Honeydew[5]. Tremellales Fr. Cryptococcaceae Kütz. ex Castell. & Chalm. Cryptococcus Vuill. Cryptococcus neoformans (San Felice) Vuill.. Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18]. Trichosporonales Boekhout & Fell Trichosporonaceae Nann. Cutaneotrichosporon Xin Zhan Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout Cutaneotrichosporon mucoides (E. Guého; M.T. Sm.) Xin Zhan Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout. Nectar Honey[6]. Vanrija R.T. Moore Vanrija humicola (Dasz.) R.T. Moore. Nectar Honey[6]. Ustilaginomycetes Warm. Ustilaginales Bek. Ustilaginaceae Tul. & C. Tul. Not determined. Ustilaginaceae sp. Tul. & C. Tul.. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[18] Wallemiomycetes Zalar, de Hoog & Schroers Wallemiales Zalar, de Hoog & Schroers Wallemiaceae R.T. Moore Wallemia Johan-Olsen Wallemia hederae S. Jančič, Zalar & Gunde Cimerman.. Nectar Honey[19]. Wallemia mellicola Jancic, Nguyen, Seifert & Gunde-Cimerman.. Nectar Honey[19]. Phylum Mucoromycota Doweld Mucoromycetes Doweld Mucorales Dumort. Cunninghamellaceae Naumov ex R.K. Benj. Cunninghamella Matr. Cunninghamella elegans Lendn.. Cunninghamella bertholletiae. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Mucoraceae Fr. Mucor P. Micheli ex L. Mucor hiemalis Wehmer.. Nectar Honey[16]. Mucor sp. P. Micheli ex L.. Honey Blossom; Honeydew; Nectar Honey[13, 15, 18, 23, 26]. Mucor plumbeus Bonord.. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4]. Mucor racemosus Bull.. Nectar Honey[16]. Rhizopus Ehrenb. Rhizopus arrhizus A. Fisch.. Rhizopus oryzae. Honey Blossom; Honeydew[4] Rhizopus sp. Ehrenb.. Nectar Honey[7]. Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill.. Nectar Honey[16]. Peronosporaceae sp. de Bary and Pythium sp. Pringsh., have also been isolated, identified and noted as fungi, from Honey Blossom and Honeydew samples[18]. -
So far, more than 130 entries have been reported from honey samples worldwide. Overall, the most represented genera are Penicillium (23 species), Aspergillus (17 species), Zygosaccharomyces (seven species) and Talaromyces (six species). Consequently, most representative fungal families isolated from honey are Aspergillaceae, Saccharomycetaceae and Trichocomaceae. Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces species are considered to hold important industrial and pharmacological applications, but also to be associated with food spoilage, mycotoxins production, and human and plant diseases (e.g., Houbraken et al.[30]). Due to the ability of various of the identified species to produce both mycotoxins and other extracellular enzymes and organic acids, their study is also of significant industrial interest[31]. Indeed, the industrial applications of Saccharomycetaceae and their ability to act as food spoilage yeasts is well known. Moreover, the detection of common bee pathogens (e.g., Monascus mellicola) also highlights the importance of such studies to monitor bee pathogens and, consequently, maintain or improve ecosystem balance and biodiversity.
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Cite this article
Roxo I, Amaral AL, Portugal A, Trovão J. 2023. A checklist of fungi isolated from honey (2000–2022). Studies in Fungi 8:14 doi: 10.48130/SIF-2023-0014
A checklist of fungi isolated from honey (2000–2022)
- Received: 13 April 2023
- Accepted: 29 May 2023
- Published online: 02 August 2023
Abstract: Mycological studies focusing on fungal species thriving on honey related products have a series of critical applications ranging from the expansion of basic scientific knowledge, the exploration of their industrial utilization, understanding their contributions to food spoilage and even environmental pathogen monitoring. During the last two decades, several works dealing with the isolation and characterization of fungal species thriving on honey have been published. Nonetheless, a thorough summarization of these results has not yet been compiled. This work analyses and compiles a checklist of fungi isolated and identified/described from honey nectar, honey blossom and honeydew between the years 2000 and 2022. Based on this assessment, we detected that over 130 entries have been reported from honey samples worldwide. Consequently, this work provides a checklist of such fungi, that will be of interest to mycologists, microbiologists, food scientists working on the topic, and also beekeepers.
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Key words:
- Apiculture /
- Microfungi /
- Species list /
- Taxonomy /
- Yeasts