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This is accepted manuscript by the journal but prior to copy-editing or proofing. It can be cited using the author(s), article title, journal title, year of online publication, and DOI. It will be replaced by the final typeset version, which may therefore contain changes. The DOI will be remain the same.

REVIEW   Open Access    

Review on physiological and molecular mechanisms for enhancing salt tolerance in turfgrass

  • 1.

    College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China

  • 2.

    National Center of Pratacultural Technology(under preparation )

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  • Received: 21 August 2024
    Revised: 17 September 2024
    Accepted: 23 September 2024
    First-online: 30 September 2024
    Grass Research  Article in press  |  Cite this article
  • Salt stress is a significant abiotic stress factor that hampers the growth and turf quality of turfgrass. This review examines the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which turfgrass responds to salt stress and explores strategies to enhance its salt tolerance. In high-salinity environments, turfgrass exhibits reduced quality, color, coverage, seed germination rate, root growth, and overall yield. We systematically discuss key physiological and molecular responses, including seed germination, morphological changes, ion balance, osmotic regulation, antioxidant systems, and gene expression. Turfgrass adapts to salt stress by regulating ion transporter genes (e.g., NHX1 and HKT), synthesizing osmotic regulators (e.g., proline), and boosting antioxidant enzyme activity. The review highlights significant variations in salt tolerance across turfgrasses species and varieties, reflecting their diverse genetic backgrounds. To enhance salt tolerance, we discuss three primary strategies: genetic engineering, conventional breeding, and scientific cultivation management. Genetic engineering focuses on modifying specific genes (e.g., NHX1, HKT, antioxidant enzymes), while conventional breeding emphasizes selection, hybridization, and marker-assisted approaches. Scientific cultivation management optimizes growth conditions through proper fertilization, irrigation, soil improvement, and cultivation techniques. Advancements in molecular biology and breeding technologies, particularly gene editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9, are expected to yield more salt-tolerant turfgrass varieties. The integration of genetic engineering, conventional breeding, and cultivation management will provide a strong foundation for the sustainable application of turfgrass in ecological restoration and landscaping.

  • Cite this article

    Zhu Y, Fu Q, Zhu C, Li Y, Yuan F, et al. 2024. Review on physiological and molecular mechanisms for enhancing salt tolerance in turfgrass. Grass Research doi: 10.48130/grares-0024-0020
    Zhu Y, Fu Q, Zhu C, Li Y, Yuan F, et al. 2024. Review on physiological and molecular mechanisms for enhancing salt tolerance in turfgrass. Grass Research doi: 10.48130/grares-0024-0020
    shu
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Important Notice

This is accepted manuscript by the journal but prior to copy-editing or proofing. It can be cited using the author(s), article title, journal title, year of online publication, and DOI. It will be replaced by the final typeset version, which may therefore contain changes. The DOI will be remain the same.

REVIEW   Open Access    

Review on physiological and molecular mechanisms for enhancing salt tolerance in turfgrass

  • 1.

    College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China

  • 2.

    National Center of Pratacultural Technology(under preparation )

  • Received: 21 August 2024
  • Revised: 17 September 2024
  • Accepted: 23 September 2024
    • First-online: 30 September 2024
Grass Research  Article in press  ()  |  Cite this article

Abstract: Salt stress is a significant abiotic stress factor that hampers the growth and turf quality of turfgrass. This review examines the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which turfgrass responds to salt stress and explores strategies to enhance its salt tolerance. In high-salinity environments, turfgrass exhibits reduced quality, color, coverage, seed germination rate, root growth, and overall yield. We systematically discuss key physiological and molecular responses, including seed germination, morphological changes, ion balance, osmotic regulation, antioxidant systems, and gene expression. Turfgrass adapts to salt stress by regulating ion transporter genes (e.g., NHX1 and HKT), synthesizing osmotic regulators (e.g., proline), and boosting antioxidant enzyme activity. The review highlights significant variations in salt tolerance across turfgrasses species and varieties, reflecting their diverse genetic backgrounds. To enhance salt tolerance, we discuss three primary strategies: genetic engineering, conventional breeding, and scientific cultivation management. Genetic engineering focuses on modifying specific genes (e.g., NHX1, HKT, antioxidant enzymes), while conventional breeding emphasizes selection, hybridization, and marker-assisted approaches. Scientific cultivation management optimizes growth conditions through proper fertilization, irrigation, soil improvement, and cultivation techniques. Advancements in molecular biology and breeding technologies, particularly gene editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9, are expected to yield more salt-tolerant turfgrass varieties. The integration of genetic engineering, conventional breeding, and cultivation management will provide a strong foundation for the sustainable application of turfgrass in ecological restoration and landscaping.

    Acknowledgments

    • The authors would like to thank Inner Mongolia Pratacultural Technology Innovation Center Co., Ltd (CCPTZX2023B01) for funding this study.

    Conflict of interest

    • The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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    • Copyright: © 2024 by the author(s). Published by Maximum Academic Press, Fayetteville, GA. This article is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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    Cite this article
    Zhu Y, Fu Q, Zhu C, Li Y, Yuan F, et al. 2024. Review on physiological and molecular mechanisms for enhancing salt tolerance in turfgrass. Grass Research doi: 10.48130/grares-0024-0020
    Zhu Y, Fu Q, Zhu C, Li Y, Yuan F, et al. 2024. Review on physiological and molecular mechanisms for enhancing salt tolerance in turfgrass. Grass Research doi: 10.48130/grares-0024-0020
    shu

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